社会比较对羞怯个体社会决策的影响
发布时间：2018-12-24 10:23
【摘要】：诸多研究表明,羞怯个体往往十分在意所处环境中自己与他人的差异以及他人对自己的评价,由之可推,开展不同的社会比较情境对羞怯个体影响方面的研究有着重要的理论与现实意义。在飞速发展且竞争与合作并存的新时代,羞怯个体如何做出最有利于自身发展的社会决策,同样有其研究价值。因而,不同的社会比较情境中,羞怯个体的社会决策表现是我们研究的重点。本研究采用问卷调查和实验研究相结合的方法,选取山东某高校在校本科生作为被试,运用最后通牒博弈和囚徒困境博弈的实验范式,探讨不同社会比较方向对于不同羞怯水平大学生社会决策的影响。共有四个实验:实验一基于公平的基础上,使用最后通牒博弈的实验范式,探讨不同社会比较方向对羞怯个体面对不公平决策接受情况的影响;实验二基于信任的基础上,使用囚徒困境博弈的实验范式,探讨不同社会比较方向对羞怯个体面对竞争/合作的选择情况的影响;实验三在实验一的基础上,进一步验证和探索在平行比较中,羞怯个体在面对不公平分配方案时的决策情况;实验四在实验二的基础上,进一步验证和探索在平行比较中,羞怯个体在面对竞争/合作时的决策情况。主要研究结果如下:(1)相较于非羞怯个体,羞怯个体对于不公平分配方案的接受率明显较低;在不同方向的社会比较情境中,上行比较情境中个体对不公平分配方案的接受率最高,平行比较情境中的接受率次之,下行比较情境中的接受率最低;面对社会决策方案时,个体对公平的分配方案的接受率明显高于对不公平方案的接受率。在最后通牒博弈任务中,羞怯个体对不公平决策的接受率相对更低,上行比较、平行比较、下行比较三种比较情况下的接受率依次减少。(2)在面对竞争/合作的选择情境时,羞怯个体对合作的选择率明显低于非羞怯个体;上行比较、平行比较和下行比较三种社会比较方向的情境中,个体对合作的选择率依次递减。在囚徒困境博弈任务中,下行比较会使羞怯个体面对竞争/合作的决策更倾向于选择竞争。(3)在平行比较的情境中,相较于非羞怯个体,羞怯个体对于不公平分配方案的接受率明显较少;当博弈对象为亲密他人时,个体对不公平分配方案的接受率明显高于当博弈对象为陌生他人时的情境时。在平行比较的最后通牒博弈任务中,羞怯个体对不公平决策的接受率相对更低,在面对陌生他人时比面对亲密他人时接受率要低。(4)在平行比较的情境中,当面对竞争/合作的选择情境时,羞怯个体和非羞怯个体对合作的选择率差异不显著;个体面对亲密他人时,对竞争/合作的选择相较于面对陌生他人时更倾向于选择合作。在平行比较的囚徒困境博弈任务中,羞怯个体在面对陌生他人时,面对竞争/合作的决策更倾向于与选择竞争。
[Abstract]:A number of studies have shown that shy individuals tend to be very concerned about the differences between themselves and others in their environment and how others perceive themselves, which can be extrapolated. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of different social comparative situations on shyness individuals. In the new era of rapid development and coexistence of competition and cooperation, it is also valuable to study how shy individuals make social decisions that are most beneficial to their own development. Therefore, in different social comparison situations, the social decision-making performance of shy individuals is the focus of our research. This study adopts the method of questionnaire investigation and experimental research, selects the undergraduate students of a certain university in Shandong as the subjects, and applies the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game and prisoner's dilemma game. This paper discusses the influence of different social comparative directions on the social decision-making of college students with different shyness levels. There are four experiments: experiment 1 based on fairness, using the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game, to explore the influence of different social comparison directions on the shy individuals' acceptance of unfair decisions; Experiment 2, based on trust, uses the experimental paradigm of prisoner's dilemma game to explore the influence of different social comparative directions on shy individuals' choice of competition / cooperation. On the basis of experiment 1, experiment 3 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of unfair distribution schemes in parallel comparisons. On the basis of experiment 2, experiment 4 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of competition / cooperation in parallel comparisons. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with non-shy individuals, the rate of acceptance of unfair distribution schemes by shy individuals is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the social comparison situation of different directions, the individual acceptance rate of unfair distribution scheme is the highest in the uplink comparison situation, followed by the acceptance rate in the parallel comparison situation, and the lowest in the downlink comparison situation. In the face of social decision-making scheme, the acceptance rate of the fair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the unfair scheme. In the task of ultimatum game, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decision is relatively lower. (2) in the face of competition / cooperation selection situation, the choice rate of shy individuals to cooperation is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the situations of uplink comparison, parallel comparison and downlink comparison, the selection rate of cooperation decreases in turn. In the task of prisoners' Dilemma game, downlink comparison will make shy individuals more inclined to choose competition in the face of competition / cooperation. (3) in parallel comparison, it is more likely to choose competition than non-shy individuals. The acceptance rate of the shy individual to the unfair distribution scheme is obviously less; When the game object is intimate, the acceptance rate of the unfair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the situation when the game object is a stranger. In the ultimatum game task of parallel comparison, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decisions is lower than that of intimate others. (4) in parallel comparison situations, the acceptance rate of shy individuals is lower than that of intimate others. When faced with the situation of competition / cooperation, there was no significant difference between shy individuals and non-shy individuals in the choice of cooperation. In the face of intimate others, the choice of competition / cooperation is more likely to choose cooperation than when facing strangers. In the parallel comparison of the prisoners' dilemma game task, the shy individual is more inclined to compete with the choice of decision in the face of competition / cooperation in the face of strangers.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848
本文编号：2390507
[Abstract]:A number of studies have shown that shy individuals tend to be very concerned about the differences between themselves and others in their environment and how others perceive themselves, which can be extrapolated. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of different social comparative situations on shyness individuals. In the new era of rapid development and coexistence of competition and cooperation, it is also valuable to study how shy individuals make social decisions that are most beneficial to their own development. Therefore, in different social comparison situations, the social decision-making performance of shy individuals is the focus of our research. This study adopts the method of questionnaire investigation and experimental research, selects the undergraduate students of a certain university in Shandong as the subjects, and applies the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game and prisoner's dilemma game. This paper discusses the influence of different social comparative directions on the social decision-making of college students with different shyness levels. There are four experiments: experiment 1 based on fairness, using the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game, to explore the influence of different social comparison directions on the shy individuals' acceptance of unfair decisions; Experiment 2, based on trust, uses the experimental paradigm of prisoner's dilemma game to explore the influence of different social comparative directions on shy individuals' choice of competition / cooperation. On the basis of experiment 1, experiment 3 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of unfair distribution schemes in parallel comparisons. On the basis of experiment 2, experiment 4 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of competition / cooperation in parallel comparisons. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with non-shy individuals, the rate of acceptance of unfair distribution schemes by shy individuals is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the social comparison situation of different directions, the individual acceptance rate of unfair distribution scheme is the highest in the uplink comparison situation, followed by the acceptance rate in the parallel comparison situation, and the lowest in the downlink comparison situation. In the face of social decision-making scheme, the acceptance rate of the fair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the unfair scheme. In the task of ultimatum game, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decision is relatively lower. (2) in the face of competition / cooperation selection situation, the choice rate of shy individuals to cooperation is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the situations of uplink comparison, parallel comparison and downlink comparison, the selection rate of cooperation decreases in turn. In the task of prisoners' Dilemma game, downlink comparison will make shy individuals more inclined to choose competition in the face of competition / cooperation. (3) in parallel comparison, it is more likely to choose competition than non-shy individuals. The acceptance rate of the shy individual to the unfair distribution scheme is obviously less; When the game object is intimate, the acceptance rate of the unfair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the situation when the game object is a stranger. In the ultimatum game task of parallel comparison, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decisions is lower than that of intimate others. (4) in parallel comparison situations, the acceptance rate of shy individuals is lower than that of intimate others. When faced with the situation of competition / cooperation, there was no significant difference between shy individuals and non-shy individuals in the choice of cooperation. In the face of intimate others, the choice of competition / cooperation is more likely to choose cooperation than when facing strangers. In the parallel comparison of the prisoners' dilemma game task, the shy individual is more inclined to compete with the choice of decision in the face of competition / cooperation in the face of strangers.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848
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