压力情境下不同依恋类型初中生对威胁信息的注意偏向

发布时间：2018-12-31 10:09

【摘要】：依恋是由其理论的创始人John Bowlby提出来的,个体在毕生发展过程中与其主要抚养者之间形成的一种非常牢固的情感联系。从理论上讲,人类天生的依恋行为系统是由向依恋对象寻求亲近来组织的。依恋理论认为,依恋系统的激活受到两个因素的影响,即内在情绪和外在情境,而不同依恋类型个体内部工作模型中的目标、需要、期望和策略等认知成分又均存在差异,这些认知成分会影响个体对信息的选择性注意和记忆过程。大量研究表明,不同依恋类型个体的注意偏向受压力情境、刺激威胁程度的影响,通过考察不同因素对注意偏向的影响就可以揭示不同依恋类型个体注意偏向的内在奥秘。本研究采用经典的点探测实验范式,基于依恋类型、压力水平和刺激的威胁程度等因素的影响,以反应时和注意偏向分作为衡量注意偏向的尺度,探讨依恋类型注意偏向的特点。实验材料是从具有生态效应的中国情绪图片系统(CAPS)中选出来的图片(高威胁图片、低威胁图片和中性图片)。根据Brennan等的亲密关系量表(ECR),从300名初中二年级学生中筛选出112名作为本研究的被试,其中56名作为无压力情境下的被试,安全型、冷漠型、恐惧型和迷恋型组被试各14名;56名作为压力情境下的被试,安全型、冷漠型、恐惧型和迷恋型组被试各14名。研究结果表明:(1)无压力情境下,刺激呈现时间为500ms时,安全型依恋的初中生对高威胁信息和低威胁信息均没有表现出注意偏向,冷漠型、恐惧型和迷恋型依恋的初中生只对高威胁刺激表现出注意偏向。(2)有压力情境下,刺激呈现时间为500ms时,不同依恋类型的初中生对高威胁信息和低威胁信息均表现出注意偏向。安全型依恋初中生对高、低威胁信息的注意偏向差异不显著,冷漠型、恐惧型、迷恋型依恋初中生对高、低威胁信息的注意偏向差异不显著,但与安全型依恋初中生之间的差异显著,三者之间差异不显著。(3)有压力情境下,刺激呈现时间为500ms时,安全型依恋初中生表现出的注意偏向差异与无压力情境下相比并不显著,冷漠型、恐惧型和迷恋型依恋的初中生表现出的注意偏向与无压力情境下相比差异显著,但冷漠型、恐惧型和迷恋型依恋的初中生之间的注意偏向差异并不显著。
[Abstract]:Attachment is proposed by John Bowlby, the founder of his theory, and it is a very strong emotional connection between the individual and his main caregivers in the course of his lifetime development. Theoretically speaking, human's innate attachment behavior system is organized by seeking closeness to the attachment object. According to attachment theory, the activation of attachment system is affected by two factors, that is, internal emotion and external situation, and different cognitive elements, such as target, need, expectation and strategy, in the internal work model of different attachment types. These cognitive components affect the individual's selective attention to information and memory process. A large number of studies have shown that the attention bias of different attachment types is affected by the stress situation and the threat degree of stimulation. By examining the influence of different factors on the attention bias, the internal mystery of attention bias of different attachment type individuals can be revealed. Based on the effects of attachment type, stress level and threat level of stimulus, the typical point detection paradigm was used to measure the attention bias, and the response time and attention bias score were used to measure the attention bias. To explore the characteristics of attachment type attention bias. The experimental materials were selected from the Chinese emotional Picture system (CAPS) with ecological effects (high-threat, low-threat and neutral). According to Brennan et al.'s closeness scale (ECR), 112 students were selected from 300 junior middle school sophomores as subjects in this study, 56 of them were safety type, apathetic type. There were 14 subjects in fear type group and 14 in infatuation group. There were 56 subjects in stress situations, 14 in safety, apathy, fear and infatuation groups. The results showed that: (1) when the time of stimulation was 500ms, the high threat information and low threat information of the security attachment junior high school students showed no attention bias and apathy. Fear type and infatuation type attachment junior high school students only showed attention bias to high threat stimuli. (2) in stress situations, the stimuli showed a time of 500ms. Junior high school students with different attachment types showed attention bias to high threat information and low threat information. There was no significant difference in the attention bias of high and low threat information among the security attachment junior high school students, the apathy, fear type, infatuation type attachment junior middle school students' attention bias to the high and low threat information. But there was significant difference between them and the safety attachment junior high school students. (3) when the time of stimulation was 500ms, the difference was not significant. The difference of attention bias of safety attachment junior high school students was not significant compared with that under no stress situation, but the indifference type, fear type and infatuation type attachment junior high school students showed significant difference in attention bias, but apathy type. There was no significant difference in attention bias between fear type and infatuated attachment junior high school students.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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