决策信心动态建构的认知神经机制研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 13:48
【摘要】：决策信心(Decision-making Confidence)是指在进行决策或判断时,个体对其决策最优性或正确性的把握程度。决策信心是决策过程中最基本的成分之一,它对当下或后续决策都具有重要的调控作用。因此,对该领域进行深入研究不仅具有很高的科学价值,也具有重要的实践意义。目前,决策信心的研究主要集中在信心启发式、信心测量、信心校准以及信心评估的认知加工模式等领域,也有研究者开始探索决策信心表征和加工的神经基础。先前的研究范式大都基于单次信心的评估或校准,然而现实生活中,人类决策信心的确定通常有 个逐渐的建构过程。新近,有研究提出了决策信心建构的两阶段动态信号检测论(TDSD)的模型：决策后,信息会继续累积,决策信心也会随着决策前后不断累积的信息发生动态变化；信息的性质、数量和信息累积的时间顺序等都会对决策信心的建构产生重要影响。因此,本研究依据TDSD的观点,从认知加工的角度考察了不同性质的信息和数量(实验一)以及呈现顺序(实验二)对决策信心动态建构的影响及作用机制；从神经机制的角度,利用静息态功能性磁共振技术(resting-state fMRI)考察了决策信心建构的差异的神经基础(实验三)。 实验一通过操纵反馈信息的性质(支持和反对)以及数量(一致性程度),系统考察了反馈信息性质和数量对决策信心动态建构的影响及作用机制。结果表明：(1)支持性的信息组合使决策信心增大,反对性的信息组合使决策信心降低,基线信心组合则对决策信心没有显著影响。(2)支持/反对程度越高,信息变化越大；当支持/反对程度为中等和高等时,反对信息引起的信心变化显著大于支持信息,表现出一种“负性偏向”(即个体对负性信息更加敏感)。这些结果说明,在决策信心的建构中信息的性质和数量具有重要的作用,而且负性信息对决策信心的影响更为强大。 实验二通过操纵正/负反馈的数量和正/负反馈的呈现顺序,系统考察了正/负反馈信息数量和呈现顺序对决策信心动态建构的影响及作用机制。结果表明：(1)在正/负反馈数量不等的条件下,相比于先前呈现的反馈,最后呈现的相反性质的反馈引起的信心变化更大。(2)在正/负反馈数量相等的条件下,相比于正性反馈,后来出现的负性反馈引起的信心更大。这些结果说明在决策信心的建构中,信息的呈现顺序具有重要的作用,不同性质的信息会因呈现顺序不同而表现出不同的权重。 实验三利用静息态功能性磁共振技术(resting-state fMRI)考察了决策信心建构过程中,信心水平大小和信心变化程度高低的群组差异的神经基础。由实验一和实验二可知,反馈的性质、数量、呈现顺序等均能对决策信心的动态建构产生影响,因此实验三仅通过操纵正性反馈的数量,考察决策信心动态建构过程中信心水平和变化差异的神经基础。行为结果表明：尽管个体经历的是相同的反馈,但反馈过程中信心水平的高低和信心的变化程度均存在显著的差异。静息态分析结果表明：(1)信心变化大的个体,其左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)与前扣带回(ACC)之间的功能连接强度,以及右侧额叶(R-frontal lobe)的活性强度均显著大于信心变化小的个体；而左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)与额内侧回(Medial Frontal Gyrus)的功能连接强度则显著小于信心变化小的个体。(2)信心水平低的个体,其左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)与前扣带回(ACC)的功能连接强度,以及中央前回(Precentral Gyrus)的活性强度均显著大于信心水平高的个体；而左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)和中央后回(Postcentral Gyrus)的功能连接强度则显著小于信心水平高的个体。这些结果说明,决策信心建构过程中的差异与个体静息状态下自发的神经活动显著相关。决策信心变化程度的差异与决策信心水平的差异均有其特有的神经基础,且左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)和前扣带回(ACC)之间的功能连接则可能是群组间决策信心水平和变化差异共同的神经基础。 综上所述,本研究从认知加工的角度,发现了反馈信息的性质、不同性质信息的数量和信息累积的时间顺序能够交互的影响决策信心的动态建构。而从神经机制的角度,发现了左侧顶上小叶(L-superior parietal lobule)和前扣带回(ACC)之间的功能连接则可能是决策信心动态建构过程中群组间决策信心水平和变化差异共同的神经基础。这些结果不仅加深了对决策信心动态建构过程的认识,更对决策信心动态变化的群组差异提供了新的解释,因而具有较高的理论价值,也具有重要的实践指导意义。
[Abstract]:Decision-making Confidence refers to the degree of the individual's grasp of the optimality or correctness of decision-making or judgment. The decision-making confidence is one of the most basic components in the decision-making process, and it plays an important role in the current or subsequent decision-making. Therefore, the deep research on this field not only has very high scientific value, but also has important practical significance. At present, the research of decision-making confidence is mainly focused on the fields of confidence heuristic, confidence measurement, confidence calibration and cognitive processing mode of confidence assessment. The previous research paradigm is mostly based on the assessment or calibration of single confidence, but in real life, the determination of human decision-making is often a gradual build-up A two-stage dynamic signal detection theory (TDSD) for decision-making confidence construction is presented in this paper. After the decision, the information will continue to accumulate, and the decision-making confidence will change dynamically with the information accumulated before and after the decision-making; the information's nature The time order of the accumulation of quality, quantity and information will make an important reflection on the construction of decision-making confidence In this study, according to the view of TDSD, the influence and mechanism of information and quantity (experiment 1) and the order of presentation (experiment 2) on the dynamic construction of decision-making confidence were investigated from the point of view of cognitive processing. The neural basis of the difference in the confidence-building of decision-making was examined by the resting-state fMRI, using the resting-state fMRI. In this paper, the influence of the nature and quantity of the feedback information on the dynamic construction of decision-making is investigated by manipulating the nature (support and objection) and quantity (degree of consistency) of the feedback information. The results show that: (1) the supportive information combination makes the decision-making confidence increase and the rejection information combination makes the decision-making confidence lower, and the baseline confidence combination is not obvious to the decision-making confidence (2) The higher the level of support/ objection and the greater the change of information; when the degree of support/ objection is medium and high, the change of confidence in the objection information is significantly greater than the support information, showing a 鈥渘egative bias鈥，
本文编号：2396665
[Abstract]:Decision-making Confidence refers to the degree of the individual's grasp of the optimality or correctness of decision-making or judgment. The decision-making confidence is one of the most basic components in the decision-making process, and it plays an important role in the current or subsequent decision-making. Therefore, the deep research on this field not only has very high scientific value, but also has important practical significance. At present, the research of decision-making confidence is mainly focused on the fields of confidence heuristic, confidence measurement, confidence calibration and cognitive processing mode of confidence assessment. The previous research paradigm is mostly based on the assessment or calibration of single confidence, but in real life, the determination of human decision-making is often a gradual build-up A two-stage dynamic signal detection theory (TDSD) for decision-making confidence construction is presented in this paper. After the decision, the information will continue to accumulate, and the decision-making confidence will change dynamically with the information accumulated before and after the decision-making; the information's nature The time order of the accumulation of quality, quantity and information will make an important reflection on the construction of decision-making confidence In this study, according to the view of TDSD, the influence and mechanism of information and quantity (experiment 1) and the order of presentation (experiment 2) on the dynamic construction of decision-making confidence were investigated from the point of view of cognitive processing. The neural basis of the difference in the confidence-building of decision-making was examined by the resting-state fMRI, using the resting-state fMRI. In this paper, the influence of the nature and quantity of the feedback information on the dynamic construction of decision-making is investigated by manipulating the nature (support and objection) and quantity (degree of consistency) of the feedback information. The results show that: (1) the supportive information combination makes the decision-making confidence increase and the rejection information combination makes the decision-making confidence lower, and the baseline confidence combination is not obvious to the decision-making confidence (2) The higher the level of support/ objection and the greater the change of information; when the degree of support/ objection is medium and high, the change of confidence in the objection information is significantly greater than the support information, showing a 鈥渘egative bias鈥，
本文编号：2396665
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