语音记忆对视觉客体工作记忆的影响

发布时间：2019-01-09 06:06

【摘要】：工作记忆是指给复杂认知任务储如语言理解、学习和推理等提供临时储存和加工的大脑系统。这一定义是从短时记忆系统发展而来,工作记忆被发现要对信息同时进行加工和存储。它可以被分为以下三个子系统:1.中央执行功能被认为是一个注意控制系统,其重要的功能是例如玩国际象棋以及老年痴呆症特别容易受影响;两个子系统分别是:2.视空间模板---负责视觉图像加工3.语音回路---负责基于语音信息的储存和更新。视觉客体广度外的工作记忆过程的效率受同时性语音环路信息加工的影响呈下降趋势,并继而支持了资源共享工作记忆理论。然而,这一理论论是否适用于视觉客体广度内效率加工却受到诸多质疑。实验1采用简单双任务实验范式对视觉客体广度内工作记忆过程给予同时性语音环路广度内负载的3×3两因素实验设计,来探究在视觉客体工作记忆广度内否受到语音环路广度内的影响。结果发现,满语音负荷、视觉刺激在4个项目长度内的条件下,视觉工作记忆的成绩显著低于无语音负载条件;中等语音负载条件下,视觉客体工作记忆成绩与无语音负载条件相比较,差异显著。这表明,视听信息同时加工受到了第三方平台的影响,为了证明这个平台是否是情景缓冲器,设计了实验2、3,采用以视觉判断为主任务、以语音记忆为次任务的双任务实验范式,进行了2个4(语音负载条件:无关语音、1个拟合语音、2个拟合语音、3个拟合语音,每种条件都是呈现3个语音)×3(视觉刺激序列长度:2、3、4三种项目长度)两因素实验设计,探究情景缓冲器的加工效率是否受视听信息相关程度所影响。实验2的主效应显著、交互作用显著。信号检测论分析的结果表明,语音记忆任务的主效应显著,可能是记忆材料的不同影响了实验的结果。实验3的主效应显著,交互作用不显著。信号检测论分析的结果表明,语音记忆任务的主效应不显著,证明了实验2的推测。同时,两个实验中,1个语音拟合条件下,视觉客体工作记忆的加工正确率不仅低于2、3个语音拟合条件下的正确率,也低于无关语音条件下的正确率,经过分析讨论,得到的结论是随着语音记忆任务与视觉刺激的相关程度上升,视觉判断任务的正确率也上升,情景缓冲器在信息的整合加工过程中起着促进作用;同时,干扰项目大于拟合项目时,视觉判断任务的正确率下降,情景缓冲器也有阻碍作用。通过对实验数据的对比分析得到了3个结论:1.听觉记忆任务会影响视觉工作记忆任务的完成;2.影响视听信息同时进行加工效率的机制是情景缓冲器;3.视听信息捆绑一致程度的不同会影响视觉客体工作记忆的效率。
[Abstract]:Working memory is a brain system that provides temporary storage and processing for complex cognitive tasks such as language understanding, learning and reasoning. This definition is developed from a short-time memory system where working memory is found to process and store information simultaneously. It can be divided into the following three subsystems: 1. The central executive function is considered to be an attention control system, and its important functions, such as playing chess and Alzheimer's disease, are particularly vulnerable; the two subsystems are: 2. Visual space template-responsible for visual image processing 3. Voice Loop-responsible for storing and updating voice information. The efficiency of the working memory process outside the visual object breadth is affected by the simultaneous speech loop information processing and then supports the theory of shared working memory. However, whether this theory can be applied to the efficiency processing of visual objects is questioned. In experiment 1, a simple two-task experimental paradigm was used to design a 3 脳 3 factor experiment designed for simultaneous phonetic loop width load on the working memory process in visual object span. To explore whether the visual object working memory span is affected by the phonetic loop span. The results showed that under the condition of full speech load and visual stimulation within 4 item length, the scores of visual working memory were significantly lower than those without speech load. The working memory scores of visual objects were significantly different from those without speech load. This indicates that the simultaneous processing of audio-visual information is influenced by a third-party platform. In order to prove whether the platform is a scene buffer, experiment 2 / 3 was designed, with visual judgment as the main task. Based on the two-task experimental paradigm of phonetic memory, two 4 (speech load conditions: irrelevant speech, 1 fitted speech, 2 fitted speech, 3 speech fitting) were carried out. Each condition is to present 3 sounds) 脳 3 (length of visual stimulus sequence: 2 / 3 item length) two-factor experimental design to explore whether the processing efficiency of the scene buffer is affected by the correlation degree of audio-visual information. The main effect and interaction were significant in experiment 2. The results of signal detection theory show that the main effect of phonetic memory task is significant, which may be due to the influence of different memory materials on the experimental results. In experiment 3, the main effect was significant, but the interaction was not significant. The results of signal detection theory show that the main effect of phonetic memory task is not significant, which proves the conjecture of experiment 2. At the same time, under one speech fitting condition, the processing accuracy of visual object working memory is not only lower than that under 2 and 3 speech fitting conditions, but also lower than that under independent speech condition. The conclusion is that with the increase of the correlation between phonetic memory tasks and visual stimuli, the correct rate of visual judgment tasks also increases, and situational buffers play a promoting role in the process of information integration. At the same time, when the interference item is larger than the fitting item, the correct rate of visual judgment task decreases, and the scene buffer also hinders. Through comparative analysis of experimental data, three conclusions are obtained: 1. Auditory memory task will affect the completion of visual working memory task. 2. The mechanism that affects the processing efficiency of audio-visual information at the same time is the situational buffer. The efficiency of working memory of visual objects is affected by the different degree of binding consistency of audio-visual information.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.3

【共引文献】