时间压力、决策角色对风险决策的影响研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 15:21

【摘要】：目的:1.同时引入时间压力、决策角色变量,探讨其对风险决策的影响。2.分类细化决策情境,探讨时间压力、决策角色在不同情境下对风险决策的影响。方法:本研究共包括三个实验:首先通过预实验确定正式实验所需的时间压力。正式实验采用2(时间压力:有时间压力、无时间压力)×2(决策角色:自我决策、预测他人决策)×2(框架属性:正性框架、负性框架)的三因素混合实验设计,在实验一、二中分别探讨三者在具体的生命问题领域和金钱问题领域下对风险决策的影响,其中时间压力为被试间变量,决策角色与框架属性为被试内变量。将被试所得的风险分数作为因变量。结果:1.实验一生命问题领域结果(1)决策角色的主效应显著(p=0.001,p0.05),个体预测他人决策时更冒险。(2)框架类型对风险决策的主效应显著(p=0.012,p0.05),个体在负性框架下更加冒险。(3)时间压力与决策角色对风险决策的影响存在显著的交互作用(p=0.005,p0.05):无时间压力条件下,个体为自我决策更冒险;有时间压力条件下,个体为自我决策与预测他人决策的风险偏好差异不显著。(4)时间压力与框架属性对风险决策的影响存在显著的交互作用(p=0.008,p0.05):无时间压力条件下,个体面对正性框架与负性框架时风险偏好无显著差异;有时间压力条件下,个体在正性框架下更加冒险。2.实验二金钱问题领域结果(1)时间压力对风险决策的主效应显著(p=0.002,p0.05),个体在有时间压力条件下更冒险。(2)时间压力与决策角色对风险决策的影响存在显著的交互作用(p=0.037,p0.05):无时间压力条件下,个体为自我决策与预测他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异;有时间压力条件下,个体预测他人决策时更冒险。结论:1.时间压力、决策角色与框架属性都影响风险决策,且影响机制比较复杂。2.不同的决策情境下,时间压力、决策角色对风险决策产生的影响也不同。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. At the same time, introduce time pressure, decision role variables, to explore its impact on risk decision-making. 2. The influence of time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision-making is discussed. Methods: this study consists of three experiments: first, the time pressure required for formal experiment was determined by pre-experiment. The formal experiment was designed with 3 factors of 2 (time pressure: time pressure, no time pressure) 脳 2 (decision-making role: self decision, predictive decision making by others) 脳 2 (frame attribute: positive frame, negative frame). The second part discusses the impact of the three factors on the risk decision making in the specific life problem field and the money problem field, in which the time pressure is the inter-subjects variable, the decision-making role and the frame attribute are the in-subjects variables. The risk score was taken as dependent variable. Results: 1. The results of experiment 1 were as follows: (1) the main effect of decision making role was significant (p0.001 / p0.05), while individuals were more adventurous in predicting others' decision making. (2) the main effect of frame type on risk decision making was significant (p0.012 / p0.05). Individuals are more adventurous in negative frame. (3) there is significant interaction between time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision making (p0.005 / p0.05): when there is no time pressure, individuals are more adventurous for self-decision; Under the condition of time stress, there was no significant difference between individual risk preference for self-decision and prediction of others' decision. (4) there was significant interaction between time pressure and frame attribute on risk decision (p0.008). P0.05): there was no significant difference in risk preference between individuals facing positive frame and negative frame without time stress. Under time stress, individuals are more adventurous under a positive frame. 2. Experiment 2 money problem Domain results (1) the main effect of time stress on risk decision making was significant (p 0.002 / p0.05). Individuals were more adventurous under time stress. (2) there was a significant interaction between time pressure and decision making role on risk decision making (p0.037 / p0.05). There is no significant difference between individual risk preference for self-decision-making and prediction of others' decision-making; Under time stress, individuals are more adventurous in predicting other people's decisions. Conclusion: 1. Time pressure, decision role and frame attribute all affect risk decision, and the influence mechanism is complex. 2. The influence of time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision-making is different in different decision-making situations.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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