认知无意识思维效应与情感无意识思维效应的差异研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 10:54

【摘要】：根据Dijksterhuis提出的无意识思维理论(unconscious thought theory),个体决策质量与思维模式、目标任务的复杂性存在紧密联系。通过注意是否指向相关目标任务将思维区分为意识思维和无意识思维。研究发现在复杂条件下,无意识思维的决策质量优于意识思维,即无意识思维效应(unconscious thought effect,UTE)。已有研究表明,产生无意识思维效应存在多种边界条件(moderators)。由此,探索无意识思维效应稳定性的条件成为研究重点之一。基于经典无意识思维概念中认知、情感的二维定义,以及当前学界偏重认知维度的无意识思维研究现状,本研究假设:通过剥离两者,探索两类(即认知和情感)无意识思维效应的差异,冀以获得无意识思维效应的新边界条件,推动无意识思维理论的发展。本研究以Dijksterhuis无意识思维概念中认知与情感二维度定义为逻辑起点,创制新实验材料。以推理及概念形成任务材料为载体,考察“认知无意识思维效应”;以情感实验材料为载体,考察“情感无意识思维效应”。厘清无意识思维效应中认知与情感的新边界条件。本研究通过四个实验得到如下结论:第一,解决纯认知性复杂问题时,不存在“认知无意识思维效应”。即解决纯认知性复杂问题时,认知意识思维组的成绩显著优于认知无意识思维组成绩和立即决策组成绩。第二,解决纯情感复杂问题时,存在“情感无意识思维效应”。即高情感唤醒的无意识思维组成绩显著优于意识思维组;低情感唤醒的无意识思维组成绩与意识思维组无显著差异。第三,解决情境问题时(认知和情感交互作用),认知方面的信息对无意识思维效应的影响比情感方面更大。具体表现为:相较于纯图片材料,无意识思维效应只出现在图文结合的实验中。
[Abstract]:According to the unconscious thinking theory proposed by Dijksterhuis, the quality of individual decision-making and the mode of thinking of (unconscious thought theory), are closely related to the complexity of goal and task. The thinking is divided into conscious thinking and unconscious thinking by focusing on the relevant target tasks. It is found that the decision-making quality of unconscious thinking is superior to that of conscious thinking under complex conditions, that is, the unconscious thinking effect (unconscious thought effect,UTE). Studies have shown that there are many boundary conditions for (moderators). To produce unconscious thinking effects. Therefore, exploring the conditions for the stability of unconscious thinking effect has become one of the key research points. Based on the two-dimensional definition of cognition and emotion in the concept of classical unconscious thinking, and the current situation of the research on unconscious thinking in academic circles, this study hypothesizes: by stripping the two, In order to obtain the new boundary conditions of unconscious thinking effect and promote the development of unconscious thinking theory, this paper explores the differences between the two kinds of unconscious thinking effects (that is, cognition and emotion). Based on the definition of two dimensions of cognition and emotion in the concept of Dijksterhuis's unconscious thinking, this study creates new experimental materials. The "cognitive unconscious thinking effect" is investigated with the material of reasoning and conceptual formation task as the carrier, and the "emotional unconscious thinking effect" with the affective experimental material as the carrier. To clarify the new boundary conditions of cognition and emotion in unconscious thinking effect. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: first, there is no "cognitive unconscious thinking effect" when solving pure cognitive complex problems. That is to say, the scores of cognitive conscious thinking group are better than those of cognitive unconscious thinking group and immediate decision group when solving pure cognitive complex problems. Second, when solving complex problems of pure emotion, there is "emotional unconscious thinking effect". That is, the scores of unconscious thinking group with high emotional arousal were significantly better than those of conscious thinking group, while the scores of unconscious thinking group with low emotional arousal were not significantly different from those of conscious thinking group. Third, when solving situational problems (cognitive and affective interaction), cognitive information has a greater effect on unconscious thinking than affective. Compared with the pure picture material, the unconscious thinking effect only appears in the experiment of the combination of picture and text.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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