心理疲劳影响认知监控的外周生理机制

发布时间：2019-01-27 16:15

【摘要】：认知领域的心理疲劳是心理能量不能维持原有活动水平的现象,在生活中很常见,但是难于测量,不仅影响到个体的工作效率,还会影响心理生理健康。大部分人在经历疲劳后,由于各种内外因素使个体没有立即停下来休息,为较好地完成任务,个体必须提高认知监控水平,确保良好的应激状态,控制行动以减少错误的出现。心理疲劳下个体认知监控能力是否下降,其外周生理又是怎样变化的有待验证。本文以大学本科生为实验对象,采用被试内研究方法,采用注意的双侧任务(flankers task)为认知任务,以心率变异性HRV作为监测手段。将研究分为两个阶段(4+1模式),通过4个(T1-T4)时段共60分钟连续的双侧任务诱发心理疲劳为诱发疲劳阶段,随后以社会比较和物质奖励激发参与者进行另外1个(T5)时段约20分钟的认知任务为奖励阶段。本研究以不同时段上的心理疲劳为自变量,主观感受、行为数据和HRV指标为因变量。研究记录了参与者两阶段的疲劳程度,情绪状态、厌恶程度(不愿意继续完成该任务的程度)；反应时、错误率以及HRV的时域指标SDNN、RMSSD,频域指标LF(主要反应交感神经活动强度)、HF(主要反应副交感神经活动强度)、LF/HF等。考察了心理疲劳对认知监控的影响以及外周生理的变化特征。结果显示： (1)诱发疲劳后与实验前相比,参与者的疲劳程度、负性情绪、厌恶程度均有所增加,正性情绪降低,差异显著；反应时增加,差异不显著,错误率增高,差异显著；说明心理疲劳使个体动机水平下降,积极感受减少,消极感受增加,认知监控能力下降,行为绩效受损。 (2)给予奖励后与诱发疲劳后相比,参与者的疲劳程度、负性情绪、厌恶感受减少,正性情绪增加,差异显著；反应时与错误率降低,差异显著；说明奖励机制通过激发个体内部动力,增加了积极感受,提高了认知监控水平,改善了疲劳的影响。 (3)在整个实验中对兼容刺激条目的反应时始终小于不兼容刺激条目反应时,差异不显著,对兼容刺激条目反应的错误率始终小于不兼容刺激条目反应的错误率,差异显著,说明复杂刺激需要更高的认知监控水平。 (4)在诱发疲劳阶段HRV时域指标SDNN、RMSSD,频域指标LF、HF呈上升趋势,但LF占优势,所以LF/HF也呈上升趋势；奖励阶段时域指标SDNN、 RMSSD仍然上升,频域指标LF下降、HF上升,所以LF/HF也呈下降趋势,并且变化显著；说明个体长时间持续性应激容易引发疲劳,交感神经活动强度大于副交感神经活动强度,源于疲劳造成了参与者认知监控能力下降,给出奖励之后副交感神经再次激活,调控能力得到部分改善。结论,心理疲劳后表现为交感副交感神经的协调性失衡,副交感神经反映的外周神经的抑制功能下降,个体难以维持良好的情绪状态和行为水平,奖励或激励能够改善疲劳的影响,再次提高副交感的抑制协调能力,从而提高行为效率。
[Abstract]:Mental fatigue in cognitive field is a phenomenon that mental energy can not maintain the original level of activity. It is very common in life, but difficult to measure, which not only affects the work efficiency of individuals, but also affects mental and physical health. Most people do not stop to rest immediately because of various internal and external factors after fatigue. In order to complete the task well, individuals must improve their cognitive monitoring level, ensure a good stress state, and control their actions to reduce the occurrence of mistakes. Whether the individual cognitive monitoring ability decreases under mental fatigue and how the peripheral physiology changes needs to be verified. In this study, undergraduate students were selected as experimental subjects. The method of in-test study was used, the bilateral task of attention (flankers task) was used as cognitive task, and the heart rate variability (HRV) was used as a monitoring method. The study was divided into two stages (model 41). Mental fatigue was induced by four (T1-T4) periods of 60 minutes of continuous bilateral tasks. Then social comparison and material incentives were used to stimulate the participants to perform another cognitive task (T _ 5) for 20 minutes. In this study, mental fatigue in different periods of time was regarded as independent variable, subjective feeling, behavioral data and HRV index as dependent variable. The study recorded the participants' two-stage fatigue, emotional state, and aversion (the degree of unwillingness to continue to complete the task); The error rate and SDNN,RMSSD, frequency-domain index (LF) of HRV (the main response to sympathetic activity), HF (mainly to parasympathetic activity) LF/HF and so on. The effects of mental fatigue on cognitive monitoring and the characteristics of peripheral physiology were investigated. The results showed that: (1) after induced fatigue, the degree of fatigue, negative emotion and aversion of the participants increased, and the positive emotion decreased, the difference was significant; The response time increased, the difference was not significant, the error rate increased and the difference was significant, which indicated that mental fatigue caused the decrease of individual motivation level, the decrease of positive feeling, the increase of negative feeling, the decrease of cognitive monitoring ability, and the impairment of behavior performance. (2) the degree of fatigue, negative emotion, aversion were decreased, positive emotion was increased, reaction time and error rate were decreased, and the difference was significant. It shows that the reward mechanism can increase the positive feeling, improve the level of cognitive monitoring and improve the influence of fatigue by arousing the internal motivation of the individual. (3) in the whole experiment, the response time to compatible stimulus items was always less than that of incompatible stimulus items, and the error rate of compatible stimulus items was always lower than that of incompatible stimulus items, and the difference was significant. This suggests that complex stimuli require higher levels of cognitive monitoring. (4) in the induced fatigue stage, the HRV time-domain index SDNN,RMSSD, frequency-domain index LF,HF showed an upward trend, but LF was dominant, so LF/HF also showed an upward trend; The time domain index (SDNN, RMSSD) is still rising, the frequency-domain index (LF) is decreasing, and the HF is increasing, so the LF/HF also shows a downward trend, and the change is significant. The results showed that long lasting stress could lead to fatigue, and the intensity of sympathetic nerve activity was higher than that of parasympathetic nerve activity, which resulted from fatigue, which resulted in the decrease of participants' cognitive monitoring ability, and the parasympathetic nerve was reactivated after the reward was given. The ability to regulate and control has been partially improved. Conclusion: after mental fatigue, the coordination of sympathetic parasympathetic nerves is out of balance, the inhibitory function of peripheral nerves reflected by parasympathetic nerves is decreased, and it is difficult for individuals to maintain good emotional state and behavioral level. Rewards or incentives can improve the effect of fatigue and improve the ability of inhibition and coordination of parasympathetic, thus improving the efficiency of behavior.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1

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