社会阶层对秩序需求的影响及其内在机制

发布时间：2019-01-28 18:47

【摘要】：秩序需求作为当前中国最基本的需求,会影响个体生活的方方面面。有研究者指出低社会阶层者由于自身的限制,他们更喜欢秩序性、结构性,厌恶不确定的性、不可预测性。但也有研究者提出相反的观点,认为高社会阶层者更多从事系统化的研究,习惯于探寻问题的明确答案,思维方式遵循条理化、规范化。针对这一研究分歧,本研究围绕以下几个方面展开:社会阶层对秩序需求的影响,这一影响过程的心理机制,以及是否存在其他变量影响这一过程。研究一运用问卷调查法,以武汉市内五所高校的在校大学生为被试,共回收有效问卷449份。在控制了年龄、性别之后进行分层回归分析,结果发现,主观社会阶层能显著预测个体的秩序需求,进一步的中介效应分析发现主观社会阶层是通过控制感来影响个体的秩序需求,具体来说,主观社会阶层越低的个体的控制感越低,进而导致较高的秩序需求。为增加研究的外部效度,在研究二中,同样以问卷法考察社会阶层、控制感和秩序需求之间的关系,但以非在校大学生的成人为被试,共回收有效问卷120份。在控制了年龄、性别之后进行分层回归分析,结果发现,主观社会阶层对秩序需求有显著影响,且中介效应分析显示控制感在主观社会阶层和秩序需求之间起到中介作用,即主观社会阶层越低的个体的控制感越低,其秩序需求越高。在研究三中,引入社会支持这一变量,考察其是否影响研究一和研究二中提出的中介模型。在研究中,我们以114名在校大学生为被试,将他们随机分为两组,进行操纵,其中一组被试暂时体验到较高的社会支持,而另一组被试暂时体验到较低的社会支持。研究发现,控制感在主观社会阶层影响秩序需求的过程中起到中介作用,且这一中介作用受到了社会支持的调节,即有调节的中介模型成立:在低社会支持条件下,社会阶层—控制感—秩序需求这一中介模型成立;而在高社会支持条件下,中介模型不成立。总的来说,研究结果表明:主观社会阶层对秩序需求有显著的预测作用,且主观社会阶层是通过影响控制感进而影响秩序需求,最后发现主观社会阶层-控制感-秩序需求这一中介模型受到社会支持的调节:在低社会支持条件下,该模型成立,而在高社会支持条件下,模型不成立。
[Abstract]:Order demand, as the most basic demand in China, will affect all aspects of individual life. Some researchers point out that because of their own limitations, low social class people prefer order, structure, disgust of uncertainty, unpredictability. However, some researchers put forward the opposite point of view, that the high social stratum is more engaged in systematic research, is used to seeking clear answers to questions, and follows the way of thinking orderly and standardized. In view of this divergence, this study focuses on the following aspects: the influence of social stratum on order demand, the psychological mechanism of the influence process, and the existence of other variables to influence the process. In the first study, 449 valid questionnaires were collected from five colleges and universities in Wuhan. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis showed that the subjective social stratum could predict the order demand of the individual significantly. The further analysis of intermediary effect shows that the subjective social stratum influences the individual's order demand through the sense of control. Specifically, the lower the subjective social stratum is, the lower the individual's sense of control is, and the higher the order demand is. In order to increase the external validity of the study, the relationship between social class, sense of control and order needs was also investigated by questionnaire in the second study, but 120 valid questionnaires were collected from adults who were not college students. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis shows that subjective social stratum has significant influence on order demand, and intermediary effect analysis shows that control sense plays an intermediary role between subjective social stratum and order demand. That is, the lower the subjective social stratum, the lower the sense of control, the higher the demand for order. In the third study, the variable of social support is introduced to investigate whether it affects the intermediary model proposed in the first and second studies. In the study, 114 college students were randomly divided into two groups, one group experienced higher social support temporarily, the other group experienced lower social support temporarily. The study found that the sense of control plays an intermediary role in the process of subjective social stratum influencing the demand of order, and this intermediary function is regulated by social support, that is, the moderated intermediary model is established: under the condition of low social support, The intermediary model of social stratum, sense of control and demand of order is established. However, under the condition of high social support, the intermediary model does not hold. In general, the results show that the subjective social stratum has a significant predictive effect on the order demand, and the subjective social stratum influences the order demand by influencing the sense of control. Finally, it is found that the intermediary model of subjective social stratum, sense of control and order demand is regulated by social support: under the condition of low social support, the model is established, but under the condition of high social support, the model is not.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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