文盲老年个体认知功能及影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-01-30 21:02

【摘要】：目前我国正快速步入老龄化社会,年龄的增长导致个体身心各方面均出现老化,尤其是认知功能的老化会给老年个体的生活造成很大的影响。因此,研究如何保持老年个体的认知功能,帮助其健康老化显得十分重要。现有研究发现,教育是影响个体认知功能的重要因素,然而文盲群体在缺乏教育的保护作用下,其健康状况、职业状况、经济状况、生活方式等都会受到影响,进而影响其认知老化的进程。因此,对文盲群体认知老化的研究不仅可以让我们了解这个群体认知老化的基本状况及其影响因素,更可以让我们从另一个角度深入理解教育在认知老化中的重要作用。此外,以往在研究教育与认知老化的关系时,大多探讨个体的不同教育水平与其认知能力之间的相关,在发现两者之间具有较高正相关的基础上得出教育是认知老化的重要保护性因素；但不同教育水平的个体日后的生活方式存在非常大的不同,特别是在日常认知活动的参与上存在巨大的不同。研究发现,高教育水平者往往在日常生活中对读书、看报等认知类的活动参与度更高。因此研究发现的教育与认知能力之间的相关是来源于教育本身的作用,还是生活方式(特别是休闲活动)的不同,拟或是教育对认知能力的影响在很大程度上来源于休闲活动的中介作用,现有研究尚缺乏系统的探讨。因此本研究试图从文盲被试的角度,以实证的方法探讨我国文化背景下文盲老年个体的认知功能状况及其相关影响因素,并通过对休闲活动在教育水平与认知功能之间的中介作用的探讨来进一步分析教育对认知功能的作用途径。这不仅是从实证方面对影响文盲老年个体认知功能的机制进行的探讨,还为文盲老年个体的认知功能干预提供了理论指导,对文盲老年个体如何有效的保持认知功能,促进其成功老化也具有重要的理论指导意义。本研究主要通过问卷和心理测量的方法随机选择成都市和重庆市的386个文盲老年个体为研究对象,且在平衡性别、来源等人口学特征变量后选取386个非文盲老年个体作为对照组。将测验材料打印并装订成册,由经过标准化培训的主试现场施测,统一收回。通过对文盲老年个体认知功能在人口学变量上的差异检验、文盲老年个体认知功能影响因素的回归分析、文盲与非文盲老年个体的对比分析以及休闲活动在教育水平与认知功能间的中介效应分析,结果发现： (1)城市和农村文盲老年个体在一般认知功能、短时记忆、知觉速度上都存在显著差异；但不同性别的文盲老年个体在所有认知功能上都不存在显著差异。 (2)城市和农村文盲老年个体认知功能的影响因素存在差异。其中年龄、休闲活动是共同因素；影响城市文盲老年个体认知功能的独特因素为健康状况、是否工作过；影响农村文盲老年个体认知功能的独特因素为是否患病、居住状况。 (3)文盲老年个体高、低认知功能的影响因素存在差异。其中年龄、休闲活动是共同因素；影响文盲老年个体高认知功能的独特因素为是否患病、是否工作过、健康状况；影响文盲老年个体低认知功能的独特因素为是否饮酒、居住地、最近心情。 (4)文盲和非文盲老年个体认知功能的影响因素存在差异。其中年龄、休闲活动、是否工作过、吸烟状况是共同因素；影响文盲老年个体认知功能的独特因素为居住地、是否患病；影响非文盲老年个体整体认知功能的独特因素为教育水平、最近心情、生活满意、饮酒状况。 (5)休闲活动对文盲和非文盲老年个体认知功能的影响是不同的。在文盲老年个体中,除身体活动外,活动总分、认知活动、社会活动都能显著预测其四项认知功能,而在非文盲老年个体中只有认知活动能显著预测其四项认知功能,其共同点为认知活动是两者认知功能的最大预测因素。 (6)休闲活动在教育水平与认知功能(一般认知功能、短时记忆、知觉速度、执行功能)之间起部分中介作用：即教育水平既可直接影响老年个体认知功能水平的高低,也可以休闲活动为中介间接加以影响。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is rapidly entering the aging society, and the growth of the age has led to the aging of the individual and mind of the individual, especially the aging of the cognitive function can have a great influence on the life of the elderly. Therefore, it is very important to study how to keep the cognitive function of the old individual and help the healthy aging of the elderly. The existing research has found that education is an important factor that affects the cognitive function of the individual. However, under the protection of the lack of education, the health status, the occupational condition, the economic status and the way of life of the illiterate population will be affected, thus affecting the process of cognitive aging. Therefore, the study of the cognitive aging of the illiterate population can not only let us know the basic condition and the influence factors of the cognitive aging of this group, but also let us understand the important role of education in the cognitive aging from another perspective. In addition, in the past, in the study of the relationship between education and cognitive aging, the relationship between the individual's different educational level and its cognitive ability is discussed, and it is found that education is an important protective factor for cognitive aging based on the high positive correlation between them. However, there is a great difference in the way of life of individual after different educational levels, especially in the participation of daily cognitive activities. It has been found that higher education levels tend to be more active in the activities of reading, reading and other cognitive classes in daily life. Therefore, it is found that the correlation between the education and the cognitive ability is derived from the role of the education itself, or the difference in the way of life (especially the leisure activities), and the influence of the education on the cognitive ability is largely derived from the intermediary function of the leisure activities. The existing research still lacks the system's discussion. Therefore, this study tries to study the cognitive function and the related influence of the aged individuals in the cultural background of our country by means of an empirical method from the perspective of the test of illiteracy. The purpose of this paper is to further analyze the application of the education to the cognitive function through the discussion of the intermediary between the educational level and the cognitive function of the leisure activities. This is not only a study of the mechanism of the cognitive function of the elderly in the old age, but also provides the theoretical guidance for the intervention of the cognitive function of the aged individuals. It also has important theoretical guidance for promoting its successful aging. In this study, 386 illiterate elderly individuals in Chengdu and Chongqing were selected as the study subjects by the methods of questionnaire and psychological measurement, and 386 non-illiterate elderly individuals were selected as the variables of the demographic characteristics such as gender and source. Control group. The test material shall be printed and made into a volume, and the test shall be applied to the main trial site through the standardized training. A recovery. Through the analysis of the difference between the cognitive function of the aged individual in the illiterate and the demographic variables, the regression analysis of the influential factors of the cognitive function of the aged individual, the comparative analysis of the illiterate and the non-illiterate elderly and the intermediate effect between the educational level and the cognitive function of the leisure activities It is to be analyzed, bound, The results showed: (1) There was a significant difference in the general cognitive function, the short-time memory and the perceived speed of the aged individuals in urban and rural areas, but the aged individuals with different sex did not exist in all their cognitive functions a significant difference in the cognitive function of aged individuals in urban and rural areas There is a difference in the response factors, among which, the age and the leisure activity are the common factors, the unique factors that affect the cognitive function of the aged individual in the city are the health status, whether the work has been done, the unique factor that affects the cognitive function of the old individual in the rural area is whether or not illness and living condition. (3) high and low cognitive function of illiterate elderly The influence factors of age and leisure are the common factors; the unique factors that affect the high cognitive function of the aged individuals with illiteracy are whether they are ill, whether they work or not, and the health status; the unique factors that affect the low cognitive function of the old individual with illiteracy are whether to drink or not, place of residence, the most recent mood. (4) Awareness of the elderly in the age of illiteracy and non-illiteracy The influence factors of the function are different. Among them, the age, leisure activity, whether to work or not, the smoking status is a common factor; the unique factors that affect the cognitive function of the old individual of the illiterate are the place of residence, whether to be sick or not; the unique factors that affect the overall cognitive function of the non-illiterate old individual are the education water To be flat, the nearest heart (5) leisure activities for illiterate and non-illiterate elderly people The influence of individual cognitive function is different. In the aged individuals with illiteracy, in addition to physical activity, the total score of activity, cognitive activities and social activities can significantly predict the four cognitive functions of the individual, and only the cognitive function in the non-illiterate old individuals The kinetic energy is a significant predictor of its four cognitive functions, and the common ground is that the cognitive activity is (6) The leisure activities play a part of the mediating role between the level of education and the cognitive function (general cognitive function, short-time memory, perception speed and executive function): that is, the level of education can be both direct and direct affects the level of the cognitive function of the individual in the old age, and also
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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