社会距离对不同正直感水平大学生道德判断影响的实证研究
发布时间：2019-03-02 15:09
【摘要】：正直感是指敢于维护正义,勇于坚持原则的情感,属于情感素质的范畴。作为道德情感的重要组成部分,正直感是学校德育和社会道德规范的重要内容。但以往正直感方面的实证研究甚少,实验室研究更是几乎没有,而青少年情感素质和青年情感素质的两次大调查表明我国当代青少年和青年的正直感水平亟待提高。因此,本研究旨在明确正直感的概念,编制有效的正直感的测量工具,并在此基础上考察不同正直感水平个体的行为特点及脑电差异,从而为正直感领域的研究提供一些有价值的参考。本研究包括两个分研究:研究一综合运用文献检索、个别访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,明确了正直感的概念,自编了情境性的大学生正直感问卷,结果表明(1)正直感是指敢于维护正义,勇于坚持原则的情感,属于情感素质的范畴。(2)自编的大学生正直感问卷由两个维度构成,即维护正义和坚持原则维度。(3)自编的大学生正直感问卷具有较好的信效度指标。研究二为实验室研究,使用研究一编制的问卷筛选出高正直感水平个体和低正直感水平个体作为研究对象,以自编的道德词对为实验材料,词对能够反映出符合和不符合社会规范两种行为,采用事件相关电位技术,探讨不同正直感水平大学生在进行道德判断时候的行为和脑电差异,以及社会距离对其可能造成的影响。实验自变量为正直感水平(高正直感vs低正直感),社会距离(陌生人vs朋友)和道德词对(符合vs不符合),因变量为被试对词对判断的正确率、反应时、程度和N400成分的波幅。结果表明:(1)高低正直感个体在对所呈现的行为是否符合社会规范进行判断的正确率上没有显著差异。(2)相比社会距离较远的陌生人做出不符合社会规范的行为,高低正直感个体对于社会距离较近的朋友做出不符合社会规范行为时候的反应时较慢,因为朋友与被试自己的关系较亲密,在一定程度上会影响被试的反应,但是这种影响对于高正直感个体相对要小。不管呈现的行为是符合社会规范还是不符合的,高正直感个体进行判断的速度均更快,并且判断标准更严格,即对于朋友作出的负性行为会更加判断为与社会规范不符。(3)被试为低正直感被试,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社会规范行为时候的N400波幅差异显著,陌生人的情况下波幅更大;被试为高正直感被试,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社会规范行为时候的N400波幅差异不显著。高正直感个体在两种水平下诱发的N400成分波幅之差相对低正直感个体要小,反映出其进行道德判断的时候更少的受到社会距离的影响。
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2
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