儿童焦虑及其影响因素研究
发布时间：2019-03-04 16:27
【摘要】：焦虑是童年期常见的一种情绪体验,学前儿童的生理、心理在不断成长变化,因此他们在面对压力或内心的冲突时,会产生焦虑的情绪。适度的焦虑是有助于儿童更好地完成任务并避免危险,有利于儿童学习能力、解决问题能力的发展,但过度焦虑对日后的幼儿园适应会产生消极影响,并容易导致焦虑障碍,这是最为常见的儿童精神疾病之一,会使儿童出现许多行为问题,严重影响儿童的心理健康。本研究将考察儿童焦虑特质及影响儿童焦虑的因素。研究采用短期追踪研究设计,对上海地区243名儿童(小班儿童132名和中班儿童111名)使用问卷法评价学前儿童的焦虑水平(学前儿童焦虑量表,母亲评定)、儿童社会偏好(儿童社会偏好量表,母亲评定),母亲的成人依恋(亲密关系经历量表,母亲评定)、母子依恋(亲子关系量表,母亲评定),以及母亲的人格特征(大五人格量表,母亲评定),进行一年的短期追踪研究,结果表明:1.在一年内,学前儿童不安全亲子依恋的发展有一定的稳定性,并且存在性别差异。2.在一年内,学前儿童焦虑症状发展有一定的稳定性,不存在性别差异,但存在年级差异。同时段,年龄较大的儿童的分离焦虑、社交恐惧水平明显低于年龄较小的儿童,但是其强迫冲动障碍明显高于年龄较小的儿童。3.害羞气质存在性别差异,并且存在性别和年级的交互作用,小班男孩的害羞气质较女孩更为明显,害羞气质在中班儿童中没有性别差异。控制了性别和年级之后,儿童害羞气质对儿童焦虑有显著的预测作用。4.母亲的依恋回避和依恋焦虑不仅会对儿童焦虑产生直接的影响,而且还会通过不安全亲子依恋对儿童焦虑产生间接的影响:(1)回避型的亲子依恋在母亲的依恋回避与儿童焦虑间起部分中介作用;(2)矛盾型的亲子依恋在母亲的依恋焦虑与儿童焦虑间起部分中介作用;(3)回避型的亲子依恋在母亲的依恋焦虑与儿童焦虑间起部分中介作用。5.早期的儿童焦虑能够预测后期的不安全亲子依恋,儿童焦虑对亲子依恋质量会产生影响。研究对亲子依恋、成人依恋和儿童焦虑的关系进行了讨论,并对父母的教养方式提出了自己的观点。
[Abstract]:Anxiety is a common mood experience in childhood, and the physiology and psychology of pre-school children are changing constantly, so they can produce anxiety in the face of pressure or internal conflicts. Moderate anxiety is a better way for children to complete their tasks and to avoid dangers, which is conducive to the development of children's learning and problem-solving skills, but over-anxiety can have a negative impact on future kindergarten adaptation and can lead to anxiety disorders, This is one of the most common childhood mental illness, which will lead to a number of behavioural problems in children, which seriously affect the mental health of children. This study will examine the characteristics of children's anxiety and the factors that affect children's anxiety. A short-term follow-up study was used to evaluate the anxiety of preschool children (the pre-school children's anxiety scale, the mother's assessment) and the children's social preference (the children's social preference scale) using the questionnaire method. Mother's assessment), mother's adult attachment (close relationship experience scale, mother's rating), mother and child attachment (parent-child relationship scale, mother assessment), and mother's personality characteristics (five personality scale, mother assessment), and a year of short-term follow-up study, the results showed:1. In one year, the development of child-parent attachment in pre-school children has certain stability, and there is a gender difference. In one year, there is a certain stability in the development of the anxiety symptoms of pre-school children, and there is no gender difference, but there is a grade difference. At the same time, the anxiety of the children with larger age and the level of social fear were lower than that of the younger children, but the forced impulse disorder was significantly higher than that of the younger children. There is a gender difference in the shy temperament, and there is the interaction between the sex and the grade. The shy temperament of the small-class boy is more obvious than that of the girl. The shy temperament has no gender difference in the middle class children. After the control of the gender and grade, the child's shy temperament has a marked effect on the child's anxiety. The mother's attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety can not only have a direct influence on the children's anxiety, but also have an indirect influence on the child's anxiety through the non-safe parent-child attachment: (1) the avoidance-type parent-child attachment plays a part of the intermediate role between the mother's attachment avoidance and the child's anxiety; (2) The parent-child attachment of the contradictory type plays a part of the mediating role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child; and (3) the parent-child attachment of the avoidance type plays a part of the intermediate role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child. The early child's anxiety can predict the non-safe parent-child attachment in the later stage, and the child's anxiety will have an effect on the parent-child attachment quality. The relationship between parent-child attachment, adult attachment and child's anxiety was discussed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6
本文编号：2434429
[Abstract]:Anxiety is a common mood experience in childhood, and the physiology and psychology of pre-school children are changing constantly, so they can produce anxiety in the face of pressure or internal conflicts. Moderate anxiety is a better way for children to complete their tasks and to avoid dangers, which is conducive to the development of children's learning and problem-solving skills, but over-anxiety can have a negative impact on future kindergarten adaptation and can lead to anxiety disorders, This is one of the most common childhood mental illness, which will lead to a number of behavioural problems in children, which seriously affect the mental health of children. This study will examine the characteristics of children's anxiety and the factors that affect children's anxiety. A short-term follow-up study was used to evaluate the anxiety of preschool children (the pre-school children's anxiety scale, the mother's assessment) and the children's social preference (the children's social preference scale) using the questionnaire method. Mother's assessment), mother's adult attachment (close relationship experience scale, mother's rating), mother and child attachment (parent-child relationship scale, mother assessment), and mother's personality characteristics (five personality scale, mother assessment), and a year of short-term follow-up study, the results showed:1. In one year, the development of child-parent attachment in pre-school children has certain stability, and there is a gender difference. In one year, there is a certain stability in the development of the anxiety symptoms of pre-school children, and there is no gender difference, but there is a grade difference. At the same time, the anxiety of the children with larger age and the level of social fear were lower than that of the younger children, but the forced impulse disorder was significantly higher than that of the younger children. There is a gender difference in the shy temperament, and there is the interaction between the sex and the grade. The shy temperament of the small-class boy is more obvious than that of the girl. The shy temperament has no gender difference in the middle class children. After the control of the gender and grade, the child's shy temperament has a marked effect on the child's anxiety. The mother's attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety can not only have a direct influence on the children's anxiety, but also have an indirect influence on the child's anxiety through the non-safe parent-child attachment: (1) the avoidance-type parent-child attachment plays a part of the intermediate role between the mother's attachment avoidance and the child's anxiety; (2) The parent-child attachment of the contradictory type plays a part of the mediating role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child; and (3) the parent-child attachment of the avoidance type plays a part of the intermediate role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child. The early child's anxiety can predict the non-safe parent-child attachment in the later stage, and the child's anxiety will have an effect on the parent-child attachment quality. The relationship between parent-child attachment, adult attachment and child's anxiety was discussed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6
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