动机还是认知:验证性信息搜寻的心理机制

发布时间：2019-03-07 20:18

【摘要】：验证性信息搜寻是社会心理学中的一个经典研究问题。可以从传统动机、认知、动机和认知相结合等三方面考察验证性信息搜寻的心理解释机制。传统动机取向的解释机制主要围绕防御性动机展开,受防御动机驱动的信息搜寻者会主动搜寻支持性信息,回避冲突性信息,并且对支持性信息进行更加深入和积极的阐释。认知取向的解释机制将动机性推理理论的不同加工目标观点与认知加工类型观点整合起来,提出"加工数量"假设,强调不一致性信息比一致性信息引发更强烈的认知分析,达到与偏好不一致的判断结论比与偏好一致的判断结论需要更多的信息,这种认知加工上的不对称性数量导致个体对不一致性信息比一致性信息更加批判性地对待。动机和认知相结合取向的解释机制认为,准确性动机并非像传统防御性动机那样表现出较为独立的因素,而总是与认知因素结合在一起,决策一致性信息主观上被认为具有性质上的优势,在搜寻过程中更加系统性地偏好一致性信息。
[Abstract]:Confirmatory information search is a classical research problem in social psychology. The psychological explanation mechanism of confirmatory information search can be investigated from three aspects: traditional motivation, cognition, motivation and cognition. The explanation mechanism of traditional motivation orientation mainly revolves around defensive motivation. The information searchers who are driven by defensive motivation will actively search for supporting information, avoid conflict information, and explain the supporting information more deeply and positively. The explanation mechanism of cognitive orientation integrates the different view of processing target of dynamic reasoning theory with the viewpoint of cognitive processing type, puts forward the hypothesis of "processing quantity", and emphasizes that inconsistent information leads to stronger cognitive analysis than consistent information. It needs more information to reach the judgment conclusion that is inconsistent with the preference than the judgment conclusion which is consistent with the preference. This kind of asymmetry in cognitive processing leads the individual to treat the inconsistent information more critically than the consistent information. According to the explanation mechanism of the combination of motivation and cognition, the accurate motivation is not a more independent factor than the traditional defensive motivation, but is always combined with cognitive factors. Decision-making consistency information is considered to have the advantage of nature and more systematic preference for consistency information in the process of searching.
【作者单位】：武汉大学社会学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境风险的社会放大效应:基于信任的心理学研究”(13CSH041)
【分类号】：B842

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