分心物干扰对注意缺陷多动障碍成人注意瞬脱的影响

发布时间：2019-04-02 20:25

【摘要】：注意瞬脱现象是一种重要的时间维度上的选择性注意。注意瞬脱的理论解释主要有两类：注意瞬脱资源有限理论和注意瞬脱认知控制理论。其中,注意瞬脱认知控制理论里的暂时失控假设得到广泛的认可和接受——研究者认为,注意瞬脱效应来源于执行控制功能的不足,容易受到干扰水平的影响。以往的注意瞬脱研究绝大部分都是面向正常被试,仅有的三个研究面向早被证实存在抑制控制缺陷的ADHD被试。而这仅有的三个研究面向的是ADHD儿童和青少年,没有探究ADHD成人的注意瞬脱。为了验证注意瞬脱的认知机制以及探究ADHD成人注意瞬脱在各种干扰水平下的特点,本研究设计了两个实验。实验一以15名ADHD成人和18名正常对照组被试为研究对象,探究了整体干扰条件下ADHD成人注意瞬脱的表现。结果发现,在干扰水平不同而其他条件相同的情况下,不管是ADHD组,还是正常对照组,其注意瞬脱都受到了干扰水平的影响,干扰水平越高,注意瞬脱越严重。该结果支持暂时失控假设,不支持资源有限理论,即注意瞬脱的机制为抑制控制不足。实验二以暂时失控假设的理论观点为依据,用相同的研究对象进一步探究了部分干扰条件下ADHD成人注意瞬脱的表现。结果发现,在较低干扰水平下,ADHD被试的注意瞬脱与正常对照组被试的表现是一致的；而在高干扰水平下,AOHD被试的注意瞬脱比正常对照组被试的要严重。最后,论文从研究设计方面提出了今后研究的设想。
[Abstract]:Attention blink is an important selective attention in time dimension. There are two kinds of theoretical explanations of attention blink: the theory of attention blink limited resources and the theory of attention blink cognitive control. Among them, the hypothesis of temporary loss of control in the cognitive control theory of attention blink is widely accepted and accepted-the researchers believe that the effect of attention blink comes from the deficiency of executive control function and is susceptible to the influence of interference level. In the past, most of the attention blink studies were for normal subjects, and only three studies were for ADHD subjects who had been proved to have a control defect. The only three studies aimed at ADHD children and adolescents did not explore the attention blink of ADHD adults. In order to verify the cognitive mechanism of attention blink and explore the characteristics of attention blink in ADHD adults at various interference levels, two experiments were designed. In experiment 1, 15 ADHD adults and 18 normal controls were used as subjects to explore the performance of attention blink in ADHD adults under global interference. The results showed that the attention blink was influenced by the interference level when the interference level was different and other conditions were the same, whether it was ADHD group or normal control group. The higher the interference level, the more serious the attention blink was. This result supports the hypothesis of temporary runaway, and does not support the theory of limited resources, that is, the mechanism of attention blink is to restrain the lack of control. The second experiment, based on the hypothesis of temporary runaway, further explores the behavior of attention blink in ADHD adults under partial disturbance with the same research object. The results showed that the attention blink of ADHD subjects was consistent with that of normal subjects at low interference level, while the attention blink of AOHD subjects was more serious than that of normal control subjects at high interference levels. Finally, the paper puts forward some ideas for future research from the aspect of research and design.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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