无意识思维在酝酿效应中的作用研究
发布时间：2019-04-15 16:09
【摘要】：当人们把探索了很久却仍旧得不到解决的问题放下一段时间而进行其他无关活动后，这个问题突然得以解决，我们将这种百思不得其解却在不经意间得以解决的现象称为酝酿效应。 近年来有越来越多的研究者针对酝酿效应的科学性进行了检验，同时酝酿效应的产生机制也激起了广大心理学工作者的研究兴趣。虽然有些研究者声称没有发现酝酿效应，，但也有很多的研究均验证了酝酿效应是客观存在的。随着研究的日趋成熟，对酝酿效应的产生机制也有众多解释：遗忘错误线索、改变定势、意识思维的作用和无意识思维的作用等。目前第四种解释机制日渐成为了酝酿效应研究领域的主要观点。 为了验证酝酿效应确实是普遍存在的，并同时考察第四种解释机制——无意识的加工是否合理，研究者采用了在酝酿效应研究领域使用非常广泛的经典实验范式，研究者在调整前人研究设计的基础上，在实验中加入单纯分心任务、认知风格等新的处理方法和元素，研究者分别考察了两种类型的问题解决中是否存在酝酿效应，并考察、分析了酝酿效应产生的原因以及该因素是通过何种方式导致酝酿效应产生的。经过前后两个实验研究，研究者最终得出了以下结论： （1）在不同的任务类型上，有酝酿条件的被试成绩显著高于无酝酿条件的被试成绩，即证实酝酿效应确实存在。 （2）酝酿效应是无意识心理进行积极主动加工的结果。 （3）在有任务目标指向的情况下，无意识思维模式下更能产生酝酿效应；在无任务目标指向的情况下，无意识思维模式下并没有产生酝酿效应。即酝酿效应依赖于任务目标的指向。 （4）虽然在正确回忆属性信息的数量上没有出现酝酿效应，但是在鉴别力上却出现了明显的酝酿效应，说明由无意识思维心理加工导致的酝酿效应出现了无意识激活与意识表达之间的分离。 （5）场依存型认知风格的被试具有与无意识思维相同的信息加工特点，因此表现出了更强烈的酝酿效应。
[Abstract]:When people put aside the problem that they had been exploring for a long time but still couldn't solve it for a while and went on other unrelated activities, the problem was suddenly resolved. We call this inexplicable but inadvertently solved phenomenon a brewing effect. In recent years, more and more researchers have tested the scientific nature of the brewing effect, and the generating mechanism of the brewing effect has aroused the research interest of the vast number of psychological workers. Although some researchers claim that no brewing effect has been found, many studies have proved that the brewing effect is objective. With the maturity of the research, there are many explanations for the mechanism of the brewing effect, such as forgetting the wrong clues, changing the fixed trend, the function of conscious thinking and unconscious thinking, and so on. At present, the fourth interpretation mechanism has become the main point of view in the field of brewing effect research. In order to verify that the brewing effect is universal, and at the same time to examine whether the fourth explanation mechanism-unconscious processing is reasonable or not, the researchers have adopted the classical experimental paradigm, which is widely used in the field of brewing effect research. On the basis of adjusting the previous research design, the researchers added new processing methods and elements such as simple distraction task, cognitive style and so on. The researchers examined whether there were brewing effects in the two types of problem solving, and examined whether there was a brewing effect in the two types of problem solving. This paper analyzes the causes of the brewing effect and the way through which it leads to the brewing effect. After two experimental studies, the researchers finally reached the following conclusions: (1) in different types of tasks, the scores of subjects with brewing conditions were significantly higher than those without brewing conditions, that is to say, it was confirmed that the brewing effect did exist. (2) the brewing effect is the result of active and active processing of unconscious psychology. (3) in the case of the goal-oriented task, there is more brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking, but in the case of no-target-directed task, there is no brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking. That is, the brewing effect depends on the target of the task. (4) although there is no brewing effect on the quantity of correct recall attribute information, there is obvious brewing effect on discrimination. It shows that there is a separation between unconscious activation and conscious expression in the brewing effect caused by mental processing of unconscious thinking. (5) the subjects of field-dependent cognitive style had the same characteristics of information processing as unconscious thinking, so they showed a stronger brewing effect.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.7
本文编号：2458282
[Abstract]:When people put aside the problem that they had been exploring for a long time but still couldn't solve it for a while and went on other unrelated activities, the problem was suddenly resolved. We call this inexplicable but inadvertently solved phenomenon a brewing effect. In recent years, more and more researchers have tested the scientific nature of the brewing effect, and the generating mechanism of the brewing effect has aroused the research interest of the vast number of psychological workers. Although some researchers claim that no brewing effect has been found, many studies have proved that the brewing effect is objective. With the maturity of the research, there are many explanations for the mechanism of the brewing effect, such as forgetting the wrong clues, changing the fixed trend, the function of conscious thinking and unconscious thinking, and so on. At present, the fourth interpretation mechanism has become the main point of view in the field of brewing effect research. In order to verify that the brewing effect is universal, and at the same time to examine whether the fourth explanation mechanism-unconscious processing is reasonable or not, the researchers have adopted the classical experimental paradigm, which is widely used in the field of brewing effect research. On the basis of adjusting the previous research design, the researchers added new processing methods and elements such as simple distraction task, cognitive style and so on. The researchers examined whether there were brewing effects in the two types of problem solving, and examined whether there was a brewing effect in the two types of problem solving. This paper analyzes the causes of the brewing effect and the way through which it leads to the brewing effect. After two experimental studies, the researchers finally reached the following conclusions: (1) in different types of tasks, the scores of subjects with brewing conditions were significantly higher than those without brewing conditions, that is to say, it was confirmed that the brewing effect did exist. (2) the brewing effect is the result of active and active processing of unconscious psychology. (3) in the case of the goal-oriented task, there is more brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking, but in the case of no-target-directed task, there is no brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking. That is, the brewing effect depends on the target of the task. (4) although there is no brewing effect on the quantity of correct recall attribute information, there is obvious brewing effect on discrimination. It shows that there is a separation between unconscious activation and conscious expression in the brewing effect caused by mental processing of unconscious thinking. (5) the subjects of field-dependent cognitive style had the same characteristics of information processing as unconscious thinking, so they showed a stronger brewing effect.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.7
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