厌恶刺激对道德隐喻加工的ERPs研究

发布时间：2019-04-23 20:22

【摘要】：背景随着道德判断的社会直觉理论、道德判断的双加工理论等现代理论的提出,越来越多的研究开始关注情绪和直觉因素在道德判断中所起的作用。厌恶作为一种与正常生活息息相关的基本情绪,其原型来自个体对外界有害刺激产生的行为免疫。从进化的角度来看,道德判断也有着相似的功能,因此厌恶情绪与道德判断的相关领域有着密切的联系。现阶段该领域的研究多集中在对两者间的表征规则进行探讨,而缺少其他角度提供的数据的支持。目的本研究旨在探讨厌恶词汇对被试道德隐喻中黑白颜色刺激和垂直方位刺激的认知加工特点及其电生理机制。方法随机招募河南省某高校的健康在校大学生或研究生41人,年龄均在19-28岁之间。实验采用被试内设计,双字词启动范式,先呈现启动词(道德厌恶词、非道德厌恶词),然后再呈现目标词(实验一,目标词为黑颜色中性词、白颜色中性词;实验二,目标词为屏幕上方的中性词、屏幕下方的中性词),要求被试对目标词的字形结构作判断。实验程序由E-prime2.0程序编制,采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,通过Neuroscan工作站对脑电数据进行记录与处理。通过SPSS16.0软件对数据进行重复测量方差分析,采用Greenhouse-Geisser法矫正。结果在实验一中,行为数据结果显示:非道德厌恶-白颜色中性词组的正确率显著低于道德厌恶-白颜色中性词组[F(1,18)=5.37,P0.05,η2=0.23]。ERPs结果显示:与非道德厌恶刺激相比,道德厌恶启动后黑颜色中性词诱发了更大的N1[F(1,18)=4.69,P0.05,η~2=0.21]和N350[F(1,18)=6.53,P0.05,η~2=0.27]波幅。在实验二中,行为数据结果显示:道德厌恶词出现时屏幕上方的中性词的正确率显著高于屏幕下方的中性词[F(1,21)=4.07,P=0.06,η~2=0.16]。非道德厌恶词出现时屏幕上方的中性词的正确率显著低于屏幕下方的中性词[F(1,21)=12.18,P0.01,η~2=0.37]。ERPs结果显示:与非道德厌恶刺激相比,道德厌恶启动后屏幕下方的中性词在相关脑区诱发了更小的P2[F(2,42)=3.96,P0.05,η~2=0.16]以及更大的N400[F(2,42)=3.17,P=0.06,η2=0.13]波幅。结论1.道德厌恶启动后隐喻着不道德概念的黑颜色中性词获得了更多的认知资源,受到了更精细的加工。道德厌恶启动后个体通过更倾向于隐喻着道德纯洁的白色,以缓解和释放厌恶感,保持良好的自我道德意象。2.道德厌恶启动后与隐喻着道德概念的“上”表现出了程度较高的语义连接,与隐喻着不道德概念的“下”则表现出程度较低的语义连接。个体通过更倾向于隐喻着道德概念的“上”,以缓解和释放厌恶感,保持良好的自我道德意象。
[Abstract]:Background with the development of modern theories such as the social intuition theory of moral judgment and the double processing theory of moral judgment, more and more researches have begun to pay attention to the role of emotion and intuition in moral judgment. Aversion, as a basic emotion closely related to normal life, comes from the behavioral immunity of individuals to harmful stimuli from the outside world. From the point of view of evolution, moral judgment has a similar function, so aversion is closely related to the related fields of moral judgment. At present, most of the research in this field focuses on the representation rules between the two, but lack of data support from other angles. Objective to explore the cognitive processing characteristics and electrophysiological mechanism of aversion vocabulary to black-and-white color stimulation and vertical orientation stimulation in moral metaphors. Methods 41 healthy college students and postgraduates aged between 19 and 28 years were recruited randomly. In the experiment, the two-character word priming paradigm was adopted to present the initial verb (moral hate word, non-moral hate word), and then the target word (experiment one, the target word was black neutral word and white neutral word), and then the target word was black color neutral word and white color neutral word. In the second experiment, the target word was the neutral word above the screen and the neutral word at the bottom of the screen), and the subjects were asked to judge the font structure of the target word. The experimental program was compiled by E-prime2.0 program. The EEG data were recorded and processed by Neuroscan workstation using event-related potential (ERPs) technique. The SPSS16.0 software was used to analyze the variance of repeated measurements and Greenhouse-Geisser method was used to correct the data. Results in the first experiment, the results of behavioral data showed that the correct rate of non-moral aversion-white color neutral phrase was significantly lower than that of moral aversion-white color neutral phrase [F (1, 18) = 5.37, P 0.05, ERPs results showed that the activation of moral aversion induced greater N1 [F (1, 18) = 4.69, P 0.05, 畏 ~ 2 渭 0.21] and N350 [F (1, 18) = 6.53, P 0.05, P > 0.05, respectively, compared with non-moral aversion stimulation, the activation of moral aversion induced greater N 1 [F (1, 18) = 4.69, P 0.05], and that of N 350 [F (1, 18) = 6.53, P 0.05]. 畏 ~ 2 0. 27] amplitude. In experiment 2, the results of behavioral data showed that the accuracy of neutral words above the screen was significantly higher than that of neutral words at the bottom of the screen when moral hate words appeared [F (1, 21) = 4.07, P = 0.06, 畏 ~ 2 = 0.16]. When non-moral hate words appeared, the accuracy of neutral words above the screen was significantly lower than that of neutral words at the bottom of the screen [F (1, 21) = 12.18, P 0.01, 畏 ~ 2 = 0.37]. ERPs results showed that compared with non-moral aversion stimulation, the accuracy of neutral words was significantly lower than that of non-moral aversion stimulation. After moral aversion was activated, the neutral words at the bottom of the screen induced smaller amplitudes of P2 [F (2, 42) = 3.96, P 0.05, 畏 ~ 2 脳 0.16] and larger amplitudes of N 400 [F (2, 42) = 3.17, P = 0.06, 畏 2 = 0.13]. Conclusion 1. After moral aversion started, black color neutral words, which metaphorically immoral concepts, gained more cognitive resources and were processed more meticulously. After the initiation of moral aversion, individuals are more inclined to metaphor the white of moral purity in order to relieve and release the feeling of aversion and maintain a good self-moral image. 2. Moral aversion shows a high degree of semantic connection with the metaphor of "top" of moral concept, and a lower degree of semantic connection with "lower" of metaphorical immoral concept. Individuals tend to metaphorize the moral concept of "upper" to ease and release the sense of hate, and maintain a good self-moral image.
【学位授予单位】：新乡医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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