奖赏预期调节局部注意干扰效应
发布时间：2019-04-25 14:40
【摘要】：局部注意干扰效应(Localized attentional interference,LAI)是指在视觉搜索任务中同时搜索在空间上分离的两个目标时,或者目标周围存在一个无关奇异项时,这两个关键刺激相距较近时产生的干扰现象。本实验采用视觉搜索范式,探讨了奖赏预期对局部注意干扰效应的影响。实验1采用双目标搜索任务,要求被试判断搜索画面中两个奇异项刺激的形状是否相同。结果显示奖赏条件和无奖赏条件都表现出显著的距离主效应,随着目标间距离增大,被试的正确率提高,反应时下降。同时,在远距离时,奖赏条件下的正确率高于无奖赏条件,而在近距离时,奖赏条件下的正确率反而低于无奖赏条件,即,奖赏条件下局部注意干扰效应反而增大。高动机状态增强了两个目标的表征,反而不利于解决局部注意干扰效应。实验2采用单目标搜索任务,要求被试判断特定目标的方位并忽略另一无关奇异项刺激。与实验1不同的是,实验2仅在无奖赏条件下观察到显著的距离主效应,即被试行为表现在远距离时更好;而在奖赏条件下,被试在近距离和远距离的表现一样好,即没有局部注意干扰效应。这说明在奖赏预期条件,个体可以有效抑制分心物刺激的干扰,将注意集中于目标刺激的加工,从而对局部注意干扰效应产生调节。整个研究表明,奖赏整体上能够提高对任务相关刺激的表征,并抑制任务无关刺激,虽然这并不总是能够提高任务表现。
[Abstract]:Local attention interference effect (Localized attentional interference,LAI) refers to a visual search task that searches for two spatially separated targets at the same time, or when there is an unrelated term around the target. These two key stimuli produce interference when they are closer to each other. In this study, visual search paradigm was used to investigate the effect of reward expectation on local attention interference. In experiment 1, the two-target search task was used to determine whether the stimuli of the two singular terms in the search screen were the same. The results showed that both the reward condition and the non-reward condition showed significant distance main effect. With the increase of the distance between the targets, the correct rate of the subjects increased and the reaction time decreased. At the same time, at long distance, the correct rate of reward condition is higher than that of no reward condition, but at close distance, the correct rate of reward condition is lower than that of no reward condition, that is, the effect of local attention interference increases under reward condition. The state of high motivation enhances the representation of the two goals, but it is not conducive to solving the interference effect of local attention. In experiment 2, a single-target search task was used to determine the orientation of a particular target and ignore another unrelated singular stimulus. In contrast to experiment 1, experiment 2 only observed significant distance main effects under the condition of no reward, that is to say, it was tried to show better at long distance. Under the condition of reward, the performance of the subjects was as good as that of the long distance, that is, no local attention interference effect was found. This indicates that individuals can effectively suppress the interference of distraction stimuli and focus on the processing of target stimuli in order to regulate the interference effect of local attention in the expected conditions of reward. The whole study shows that reward improves the characterization of task-related stimuli as a whole and inhibits task-independent stimuli, although this does not always improve task performance.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学心理系北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(31000502,31470979) 首都师范大学哲学社会科学拔尖人才资助
【分类号】：B842.3
[Abstract]:Local attention interference effect (Localized attentional interference,LAI) refers to a visual search task that searches for two spatially separated targets at the same time, or when there is an unrelated term around the target. These two key stimuli produce interference when they are closer to each other. In this study, visual search paradigm was used to investigate the effect of reward expectation on local attention interference. In experiment 1, the two-target search task was used to determine whether the stimuli of the two singular terms in the search screen were the same. The results showed that both the reward condition and the non-reward condition showed significant distance main effect. With the increase of the distance between the targets, the correct rate of the subjects increased and the reaction time decreased. At the same time, at long distance, the correct rate of reward condition is higher than that of no reward condition, but at close distance, the correct rate of reward condition is lower than that of no reward condition, that is, the effect of local attention interference increases under reward condition. The state of high motivation enhances the representation of the two goals, but it is not conducive to solving the interference effect of local attention. In experiment 2, a single-target search task was used to determine the orientation of a particular target and ignore another unrelated singular stimulus. In contrast to experiment 1, experiment 2 only observed significant distance main effects under the condition of no reward, that is to say, it was tried to show better at long distance. Under the condition of reward, the performance of the subjects was as good as that of the long distance, that is, no local attention interference effect was found. This indicates that individuals can effectively suppress the interference of distraction stimuli and focus on the processing of target stimuli in order to regulate the interference effect of local attention in the expected conditions of reward. The whole study shows that reward improves the characterization of task-related stimuli as a whole and inhibits task-independent stimuli, although this does not always improve task performance.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学心理系北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(31000502,31470979) 首都师范大学哲学社会科学拔尖人才资助
【分类号】：B842.3
【共引文献】
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