农村留守妇女社会支持与心理健康的现状及其相关研究

发布时间：2019-04-26 05:38

【摘要】：随着改革开放的不断深入以及城市化进程的加快，从上世纪80年代开始，大量农村剩余青壮年劳动力向城市转移，成为了城市中的外来务工人员，但由于自身经济条件以及制度等方面的限制，这些外来工的父母、妻子、孩子被留在了农村，成为了留守老人、留守妇女和留守儿童。丈夫的外出后，家中大小事务都得由农村留守妇女独自处理，生产劳动、子女教育、老人赡养等家庭责任都转移到农村留守妇女一个人肩上。然而经年累月的高负荷劳动、沉重的家庭负担往往让留守妇女不堪重负，她们的身心健康状况令人堪忧。农村留守妇女作为丈夫的坚强后盾，留守家庭的支柱，新农村建设的主力军，他们为社会的发展做出了不可忽视的贡献；然而这个特殊的群体，这个理应获得社会广泛关注的弱势群体，却往往被忽视，他们相较留守儿童、留守老人而言，农村留守妇女是三个留守群体中获得关注最少的，因此，加强对这一群体心理健康状况的研究，了解农村留守妇女目前的社会支持现状、特征，，为他们建立起强大而广泛的社会支持网，支撑他们勇敢面对生活中的困难、问题，保持健康的心态，维护其身心健康，这对于解决农村留守妇女问题，促进农村社会和谐与发展、建设社会主义新农村有着重要意义。本研究以劳务输出大省四川省泸州市牛滩镇的两个行政村的留守妇女为研究对象，通过进行问卷调查、量表测量和个案访谈，对农村留守妇女的心理健康状况，社会支持现状特征，以及农村留守妇女社会支持与心理健康之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：农村留守妇女社会支持现状总体偏低，其主观支持、客观支持和支持利用度得分以及社会支持总分均低于全国常模；不同年龄、劳动强度、丈夫外出打工年限、家庭收入的留守妇女其社会支持状况存在差异。农村留守妇女心理健康水平显著低于全国常模，在心理健康的9个因子症状上均存在不同程度的问题，其中躯体化症状异常检出率最高，再次分别是恐怖、精神病性、抑郁、偏执、强迫、敌对等症状，人际敏感、焦虑等症状的异常检出率相对较低。农村留守妇女的年龄大小、劳动时间长短、丈夫外出打工年限、家庭收入状况等都会影响留守妇女的心理健康水平。农村留守妇女心理健康状况因社会支持水平的不同而出现显著的差别。社会支持水平高的农村留守妇女，其心理健康状况也较好；社会支持水平低的农村留守妇女，其心理健康状况也较差。社会支持总分、主观支持、社会支持的利用度与农村留守妇女心理健康相关显著，其中主观支持对农村留守妇女心理健康发展的影响最大。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening-up and the acceleration of urbanization process, since the 1980s, a large number of rural surplus young and adult labor forces have been transferred to cities, and they have become migrant workers in the cities. But due to their own economic conditions and institutional constraints, these migrant parents, wives, children are left behind in the countryside, become left-behind elderly, left-behind women and left-behind children. After the husband went out, the family responsibilities of the rural left-behind women should be transferred to the rural left-behind women alone, such as productive labor, child education, support for the elderly and so on. However, after years of heavy labor, the heavy family burden often left behind women overburdened, their physical and mental health is worrying. The rural left-behind women as the strong backing of their husbands, the pillar of the left-behind family, the main force of the new rural construction, they have made an important contribution to the development of the society; However, this particular group, this vulnerable group, which deserves wide social attention, is often neglected. Compared to the left-behind children and the left-behind elderly, rural left-behind women receive the least attention among the three left-behind groups, and therefore the left-behind women in rural areas receive the least attention among the three left-behind groups. Strengthen the research on the mental health of this group, understand the current social support situation and characteristics of rural women left behind, establish a strong and broad social support network for them, and support them to face the difficulties and problems of life bravely, Maintaining a healthy state of mind and safeguarding their physical and mental health is of great significance for solving the problem of left-behind women in rural areas, promoting the harmony and development of rural society, and building a new socialist countryside. In this study, the left-behind women in two administrative villages in Niutan Town, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, as the object of study, the mental health status of the left-behind women in rural areas was investigated by questionnaire, scale measurement and case interview. The characteristics of social support and the relationship between social support and mental health of rural left-behind women were discussed. The results showed that the status quo of social support of rural left-behind women was on the low side, and the scores of subjective support, objective support and utilization degree of support and total score of social support were lower than that of national norm. Different age, labor intensity, husband working years, family income of the left-behind women have differences in their social support. The level of mental health of rural left-behind women was significantly lower than that of the national norm, and there were problems of different degrees on the symptoms of nine factors of mental health, among which somatization was the highest, and again horror, psychosis and depression, respectively. Paranoid, obsessive, hostile symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and other symptoms of abnormal detection rate is relatively low. Rural left-behind women's age, working time, husband's working years and family income will affect the mental health level of the left-behind women. The mental health status of left-behind women in rural areas was significantly different with the level of social support. The rural left-behind women with high level of social support have better mental health, and those with low level of social support have poor mental health. The total score of social support, subjective support and the utilization of social support were significantly correlated with the mental health of rural left-behind women, among which subjective support had the greatest influence on the mental health development of rural left-behind women.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.5

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