红色在不同社会情境下对时间知觉的影响

发布时间：2019-05-20 16:58

【摘要】：时间知觉是一个非常宏观的概念。笼统地说,它是指个体对时间的感知(范围从1秒以下到年)。这种感知受到个体内部(如性别、年龄、情绪等)和外部环境(如音乐、压力源、性信息等)的共同影响。时间知觉对个体生存具有极其重要的作用。以往研究发现,许多因素都会影响个体的时间知觉;颜色也不例外。然而,以往的研究对颜色影响时间知觉的结果并不统一;有研究发现红色会使时间知觉变快,而有研究的结果恰好相反。对比于其他颜色(如蓝色、绿色等),红色会导致更强的激活,更加吸引个体的注意。根据注意闸门理论,个体分配给非时间信息的注意资源越多,分配给时间信息的注意资源就会减少;因此感知到时间过地更快。并且,根据颜色情境理论,红色在不同社会情境下会产生不同的心理行为效应。因此,本研究想来探讨红色对时间知觉的影响,以及社会情境对效应的调节作用。实验一的目的是要探讨不同的颜色是否会对时间知觉产生影响,并且这种影响是否收到社会情境的调节。研究采用言语报告范式,自变量为颜色(红色或蓝色)和社会情境(面试情境或约会情境),因变量为被试报告的时距长短(以秒为单位)。被试在阅读完情境情境启动的指导语后,观察带有颜色信息的图片(10秒),在图片播放结束之后立刻报告对时距长短的估计。结果表明,被试在红色(对比蓝色)条件下估计到更短的时距,并且这种现象受到情境的调节;被试在约会情境下报告的时距短于在面试情境下的。实验二的目的是要探讨不同的颜色词是否会对时间知觉产生影响,并且这种影响是否会受到社会情境的调节。研究采用言语报告范式,自变量为颜色词(“红色”或“绿色”)和社会情境(面试情境或约会情境),因变量为被试报告的时距长短(以秒为单位)。被试在阅读完包含情境启动和颜色词的指导语后(15秒),立即对指导语的播放时长进行估计。该研究结果并未发现颜色影响时间知觉。实验三的目的是要重复验证实验一的结果并且进一步探讨了可能的中介变量:情绪和动机。自变量为颜色(红色或蓝色)和情境(面试或约会),因变量为被试报告的时距长短(以秒为单位)。被试在阅读完情境情境启动的指导语后,观察带有颜色信息的图片(10秒),在图片播放结束之后立刻报告对时距长短的估计。之后,被试对自己的情绪状态进行评定,并且完成整体-局部思维测验。结果表明,被试在红色(对比蓝色)条件下估计到更短的时距,并且这种现象受到情境的调节;被试在约会情境下报告的时距短于在面试情境下的。然而,进一步分析发现情绪和动机的中介效应均不显著。对实验一和实验三结果的元分析汇集了来自两项实验的四个效应量(共计198名被试)。结果表明表明红色可以加速被试的时间知觉,使其报告的主观时距变短;社会情境对时间知觉产生调节作用。基于上述结果,本研究得到以下结论:1.红色会加快时间知觉,并且这种效应受到情境的调节影响;2.红色词未能像红色一样产生同样的效果;3.红色加快时间知觉,情绪和动机未能产生中介效应。
[Abstract]:Time perception is a very macro concept. In general, it refers to the individual's perception of time (range from 1 second to year). This perception is influenced by the individual's internal (e.g., gender, age, mood, etc.) and the external environment (e.g., music, pressure source, sex information, etc.). Time perception plays an important role in the individual's survival. Previous studies have found that many factors affect the individual's time perception; the color is no exception. However, the results of the previous studies on the perception of the color-affected time are not uniform; it has been found that the red will make the time perception fast, and the results of the study are the opposite. In contrast to other colors (such as blue, green, etc.), the red will lead to stronger activation and attract more attention to the individual. According to the attention gate theory, the more attention resources allocated to the non-time information by the individual, the more the attention resources allocated to the time information are reduced; therefore, the time is perceived to be too fast. In addition, according to the color context theory, the red can produce different psychological behavior effects in different social situations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of red on time perception and the effect of social situation on effect. The purpose of the experiment was to explore if different colors would have an impact on time perception, and whether the effect received a social context adjustment. The study adopts the language report form, the independent variable is the color (red or blue) and the social situation (interview situation or date context), and the variable is the length of the time interval (in seconds) of the test report. After reading the guidance language of the situation, the participants observed a picture with color information (10 seconds), and immediately reported the estimation of the time-to-time interval after the end of the picture. The results showed that the participants estimated a shorter time interval under the condition of red (contrast blue), and the phenomenon was conditioned by the situation; the time interval of the subjects under the date of the appointment was shorter than in the interview. The purpose of the experiment is to explore whether different color words can influence the time perception, and whether the influence can be adjusted by the social situation. The study adopts the language report form, the independent variable is the color word ("Red" or "green") and the social situation (interview situation or date context), and the variable is the length of the time of the test report (in seconds). After reading the guidance language (15 seconds) containing the context start-up and color words, the participants immediately estimated the duration of the guide. The results of this study did not find that the color affects time perception. The purpose of the experiment is to repeat the results of the validation experiment and to further explore possible intermediate variables: mood and motivation. The argument is the color (red or blue) and the context (interview or appointment) because the variable is the length of the time from which the report is to be tried (in seconds). After reading the guidance language of the situation, the participants observed a picture with color information (10 seconds), and immediately reported the estimation of the time-to-time interval after the end of the picture. After that, the participants assessed their emotional state and completed the overall-local thinking test. The results showed that the participants estimated a shorter time interval under the condition of red (contrast blue), and the phenomenon was conditioned by the situation; the time interval of the subjects under the date of the appointment was shorter than in the interview. However, further analysis found that the intermediate effect of emotion and motivation was not significant. The meta-analysis of experimental one and three results brought together four effects from both experiments (a total of 198 subjects). The results show that the red can accelerate the time perception of the participants, make the subjective time distance of the report shorter, and the social situation can adjust the time perception. Based on the above results, the present study results in the following conclusions:1. Red will speed time perception, and this effect is affected by the conditioning of the situation;2. The red word fails to produce the same effect as red;3. Red accelerated time perception, emotion and motivation failed to produce an intermediate effect.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.2

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