自我调控资源对限制性饮食者进食行为的影响
发布时间：2019-05-20 17:36
【摘要】：贪食症作为一种典型的饮食失调,近年来在我国越来越多受到关注。限制性饮食(Restricted Eating)是指个体为了控制体重,长期严格地控制进食的慢性节食行为。以往研究表明,与非限制性饮食者相比,限制性饮食者反而更容易过量进食,并进一步导致贪食症等问题饮食行为。 早期对限制性饮食者过量进食机制的探讨关注其对内部线索的敏感性,如饮食边界模型(Boundary Model)。该模型认为,相较饥饿或饱感等生理过程而言,认知过程在限制性饮食者调控进食行为中起了更重要的作用,尤其是他们为自己人为设定的“节食边界”。在一定条件下,他们由于突破了该认知边界而导致过量进食。考察限制性饮食者条件性过量进食的自我调控资源剥夺范式通常让被试通过完成认知任务以剥夺其自我调控资源,之后或同时进行“口味测试(Taste-test)”以测量进食量。该类研究结果均发现认知资源剥夺显著预测了限制性饮食者的过量进食,而对非限制性饮食者无显著影响,支持饮食边界模型。近年来,越来越多研究者采用目标矛盾模型来解释限制性饮食者的条件性过量进食行为,认为限制性饮食者长期面对进食享乐目标和体重维持目标。在面对高热量美味食物线索时,进食享乐目标的激活抑制了体重控制目标,主导了其进食活动,因而诱发过量进食。 然而已有关于限制性饮食者过量进食行为的研究结论存在争议。首先,贪食症风险因素模型双路径模型不完全支持限制性饮食路径对贪食症倾向的预测。Stice的双路径模型认为,身体不满意和瘦身压力通过负性情绪和限制性饮食两条通路预测了贪食症倾向,大量对该模型的检验均支持负性情绪路径,而限制性饮食路径的预测作用结果存在不一致,暗示限制性饮食路径或许存在更复杂的内在过程。其次,限制性饮食者的过量进食行为研究结果也不一致,如有研究表明,限制性饮食者中存在更加“成功”的限制性饮食个体,在条件性进食中预测了更少的进食量。目标矛盾理论认为,部分限制性饮食者由于在面对享乐食物信息时反复介入自我控制,可能形成享乐食物信息和体重维持目标的自动联结,从而促进更加成功的节食行为,然而少有研究证明这一假设。此外,由限制性饮食量表(RS)、荷兰人饮食行为量表(DEBQ)、三因素饮食问卷(TFEQ)等不同量表筛选的限制性饮食者存在进食行为倾向的差异,比如量表分析结果表明,RS量表更倾向于筛选出“节食失败”的个体,可能造成限制性饮食者的过量进食行为研究结果的混淆。 前人对限制性饮食者过量进食的风险因素进行了一步探索,发现具有高去抑制进食倾向的限制性饮食者对高能美味食物线索具有更高的反应指标水平,并预测了更多的过量进食行为,表明认知上的节食倾向或许并不能单独预测节食失败,应该进一步结合个体认知上的去抑制性来看其对过量进食的预测。去抑制进食(Disinhibited eating)指个体在食物丰富的环境中的过量进食行为倾向,其标志特点为在食物丰富情境下极易诱发的情绪性进食和外部性进食。该指标是否能作为限制性饮食通往贪食症倾向的预测因素?去抑制性水平不同的限制性饮食者是否具有行为指标的差异因而导致了更加成功或失败的节食行为,他们是否会在典型的自我调控资源剥夺条件下产生过量进食行为?这是本研究关注的问题。 本研究采用两种研究方法(问卷调查、行为研究),采用考察限制性饮食者过量进食的经典范式——自我调控资源剥夺范式考察了限制性饮食者的过量进食行为的预测。在去抑制进食的测量指标上,将荷兰人饮食量表(DEBQ)中的情绪性进食分量表和外部性进食分量表相结合作为被试的去抑制进食水平及分组标准。 研究一考察了贪食症预测经典模型-——Stice的双路径模型在增加去抑制进食变量后的适应性,发现该模型在中国女大学生中具有良好适应性,且限制性饮食路径在增加去抑制进食变量前未显著预测贪食症倾向,而增加该变量后显著预测了贪食症倾向。研究一为将该变量作为限制性饮食高低去抑制分组标准进一步考察去抑制进食水平不同的限制性饮食者在自我调控资源剥夺条件下的进食行为提供了证据支持。 研究二基于饮食的目标矛盾模型,采用自我调控资源剥夺范式,采用2(自我调控资源完整、自我调控资源剥夺×2(限制性饮食者、非限制性饮食者)实验设计考察了限制性饮食者和非限制性饮食者的进食行为,发现限制性饮食者在资源完整条件下与非限制性饮食者进食量无显著差异,而在资源剥夺条件下进食量显著高于非限制性饮食者,符合饮食边界模型和饮食目标矛盾模型关于自我调控资源不足条件下限制性饮食者进食行为的假设。 研究三进一步将研究二中的限制性饮食者划分为高去抑制进食组和低去抑制进食组,采用2(自我调控资源完整、自我调控资源剥夺)×3(高去抑制进食限制性饮食组、低去抑制进食限制性饮食组、非限制性饮食组)考察限制性饮食者的不同去抑制进食水平在自我调控资源剥夺条件下的进食量差异,结果发现高去抑制性限制性饮食者在资源剥夺后进食量显著高于低去抑制性限制性饮食者及非限制性饮食者,支持了目标矛盾模型关于更加“成功”的限制性饮食个体在认知资源不足条件下进食行为的假设。 本研究证明了限制性饮食者在自我调控资源条件下的过量进食行为,首次发现去抑制进食变量调节了限制性饮食通往贪食症的预测作用,以及去抑制进食变量对限制性饮食者过量进食的预测。理论上,本研究有助于深入探索限制性饮食者节食失败的内部过程,进一步丰富和完善限制性饮食通往贪食症的预测模型。实践上,本研究为限制性饮食个体预测贪食症倾向提供了实验支持,为今后有针对性地预防和开展饮食失调干预活动提供了一定的理论基础。
[Abstract]:As a typical eating disorder, bulimia has been more and more concerned in recent years. Restricted Eating refers to the chronic diet that the individual controls to eat for a long time in order to control the body weight. Previous studies have shown that, as compared to non-restrictive dieters, the restricted diet is more likely to eat more easily and further lead to a diet such as bulimia. In the early stage, the study of the mechanism of excessive eating of the restricted diet concerns its sensitivity to the internal cues, such as the dietary boundary model (Boundary Model). The model is of the view that the cognitive process plays a more important role in the regulation and eating behavior of the restricted dieters than the physiological processes such as hunger or satiety, especially those that they set for themselves. >. Under certain conditions, they are overrepresented by breaking through the cognitive boundary Food. The self-regulatory resource-deprivation paradigm that examines the conditioned overfeed of a restricted diet typically allows the trial to be tested by completing a cognitive task to deprive it of its self-regulatory resources, followed by, or at the same time, a "taste test" to measure food consumption The results of this study found that the deprivation of cognitive resources significantly predicted the overeating of the restricted diet and had no significant effect on the non-limiting diet and supported the dietary boundary model. In recent years, more and more researchers have used a target-contradictory model to explain the conditional overfeeding behavior of a restricted diet, which is considered to be a long-term food-eating target and body weight maintenance. in that face of a high-calorie delicious food lead, the activation of the food-and-enjoyment target inhibits the weight control target and leads to its eating activity, thus inducing an excess of intake Food. However, there has been a study on the excessive eating behavior of a restricted diet. In that first place, the two-path model of the risk factor model of the bulimia does not fully support the restriction of the restrictive diet path to the propensity for bulimia. The predicted. Stice's two-path model is that the body is not satisfied and the body weight pressure is predicted by the negative emotion and the restrictive diet two paths, and a large number of tests on the model support the negative emotional path, and the predicted effect of the restrictive diet path is present. Inconsistent, suggesting that the restrictive diet path may be more complex In the course of the process, the results of the study of the excessive eating behavior of the restricted diet were also inconsistent, and if the study showed that there were more "success" of restricted dietary individuals in the restricted diet, less was predicted in the conditional feed. The target-contradictory theory is that some of the restricted dieters can form a more successful diet because of the repeated intervention of self-control in the face of the information on the enjoyment of food, which may result in more successful dieting, but few studies have shown that One hypothesis. In addition, there was a difference in the propensity of eating behavior to be included in a restricted diet, such as a scale analysis junction, screened by a different scale, such as a restricted diet scale (RS), a Dutch dietary behavior scale (DEBQ), a three-factor diet questionnaire (TFEQ), and the like. The results show that the RS scale is more inclined to screen the individual of the "diet failure", which may result in the study of the excessive eating behavior of the restricted dieters. The risk factors of excessive eating of the restrictive diet were explored in one step, and it was found that the restrictive diet with high inhibition of eating tendency had higher level of reaction index for high-energy and delicious food lead and predicted more. The amount of eating behavior, which indicates that the cognitive dieting tendency may not be able to predict the failure of the diet alone, should be further combined with the individual's cognitive disinhibition to see that it is excessive The prediction of eating. Desuppressed eating refers to the tendency of the individual to overeat in a food-rich environment, marked by an extremely emotional food that is easily induced in a food-rich context. Externality eating. Can the index serve as a restricted diet to the propensity for bulimia Predictors? The difference in the level of de-inhibition is that the difference in behavior indicators has led to a more successful or failed diet, and whether they will be created under the conditions of a typical self-regulatory resource The amount of food? It's the study. In this study, two kinds of research methods (questionnaire, behavior study) were used to study the excess food consumption of the restricted diet, and the self-control resource deprivation paradigm was used to investigate the excess of the restricted diet. The prediction of eating behavior. On the measurement index to inhibit the eating, the emotional eating component table and the external feeding component table in the Dutch Dietetic Scale (DEBQ) are combined to be used as the test to inhibit the eating. The model was found to be in China's female university. There is good adaptability in the raw material, and the restrictive dietary path does not significantly predict the tendency of the bulimia before increasing the inhibition of the eating variable, and the addition of the variable is significant. The study is to study the effect of the variable as a restrictive diet to inhibit the eating of different restricted dieters under the condition of self-regulation and resource deprivation. The behavior provides evidence support. To study the target contradiction model based on the diet, adopt the self-control resource deprivation paradigm, and adopt 2 (self-control resources complete and self-control resources). Deprivation of diet 2 (non-limiting diet, non-limiting diet) was designed to investigate the eating behavior of a restricted diet and a non-limiting diet, and a non-limiting diet was found to be non-limiting in terms of resource integrity There was no significant difference in the feeding amount of the diet, while the food consumption was significantly higher than that of the non-limiting diet under the condition of resource deprivation, and it was in accordance with the dietary boundary model and the dietary target contradiction model, which was limited under the condition of self-regulation of the resource. The hypothesis of eating behavior in a sex diet is to study the hypothesis that the non-limiting dieters in the second study are divided into a high-deregulated feeding group and a low-deregulated feeding group, and 2 (self-regulating and self-regulating resources are complete, self-regulating and resource-deprivation) are adopted to suppress the eating restriction diet group. The non-restricted diet group (non-restricted diet group) examined the different deregulated eating levels of the restricted diet in self-regulation. The difference of food intake under the condition of resource deprivation, the results showed that the amount of food intake was significantly higher than that of the low-depressor-restricted diet and the non-limiting dieters after the resource-deprivation, and the target-contradictory model was supported in the cognitive resources of more-"success" restricted-diet individuals. The hypothesis of eating behavior under the condition of insufficient source. This study has demonstrated the excessive eating behavior of the restricted dieters under the condition of self-regulation and resource, and the first time it has been found that the inhibition of the eating variable regulates the predictive effect of the restricted diet on the satiety, and to inhibit the eating change. In theory, this study can help to explore the internal process of diet failure in the restricted diet, and further enrich and improve the diet. In practice, this study provides experimental support for the tendency of the restricted diet to predict the tendency of bulimia, in order to prevent and carry out dietary loss in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
本文编号：2481821
[Abstract]:As a typical eating disorder, bulimia has been more and more concerned in recent years. Restricted Eating refers to the chronic diet that the individual controls to eat for a long time in order to control the body weight. Previous studies have shown that, as compared to non-restrictive dieters, the restricted diet is more likely to eat more easily and further lead to a diet such as bulimia. In the early stage, the study of the mechanism of excessive eating of the restricted diet concerns its sensitivity to the internal cues, such as the dietary boundary model (Boundary Model). The model is of the view that the cognitive process plays a more important role in the regulation and eating behavior of the restricted dieters than the physiological processes such as hunger or satiety, especially those that they set for themselves. >. Under certain conditions, they are overrepresented by breaking through the cognitive boundary Food. The self-regulatory resource-deprivation paradigm that examines the conditioned overfeed of a restricted diet typically allows the trial to be tested by completing a cognitive task to deprive it of its self-regulatory resources, followed by, or at the same time, a "taste test" to measure food consumption The results of this study found that the deprivation of cognitive resources significantly predicted the overeating of the restricted diet and had no significant effect on the non-limiting diet and supported the dietary boundary model. In recent years, more and more researchers have used a target-contradictory model to explain the conditional overfeeding behavior of a restricted diet, which is considered to be a long-term food-eating target and body weight maintenance. in that face of a high-calorie delicious food lead, the activation of the food-and-enjoyment target inhibits the weight control target and leads to its eating activity, thus inducing an excess of intake Food. However, there has been a study on the excessive eating behavior of a restricted diet. In that first place, the two-path model of the risk factor model of the bulimia does not fully support the restriction of the restrictive diet path to the propensity for bulimia. The predicted. Stice's two-path model is that the body is not satisfied and the body weight pressure is predicted by the negative emotion and the restrictive diet two paths, and a large number of tests on the model support the negative emotional path, and the predicted effect of the restrictive diet path is present. Inconsistent, suggesting that the restrictive diet path may be more complex In the course of the process, the results of the study of the excessive eating behavior of the restricted diet were also inconsistent, and if the study showed that there were more "success" of restricted dietary individuals in the restricted diet, less was predicted in the conditional feed. The target-contradictory theory is that some of the restricted dieters can form a more successful diet because of the repeated intervention of self-control in the face of the information on the enjoyment of food, which may result in more successful dieting, but few studies have shown that One hypothesis. In addition, there was a difference in the propensity of eating behavior to be included in a restricted diet, such as a scale analysis junction, screened by a different scale, such as a restricted diet scale (RS), a Dutch dietary behavior scale (DEBQ), a three-factor diet questionnaire (TFEQ), and the like. The results show that the RS scale is more inclined to screen the individual of the "diet failure", which may result in the study of the excessive eating behavior of the restricted dieters. The risk factors of excessive eating of the restrictive diet were explored in one step, and it was found that the restrictive diet with high inhibition of eating tendency had higher level of reaction index for high-energy and delicious food lead and predicted more. The amount of eating behavior, which indicates that the cognitive dieting tendency may not be able to predict the failure of the diet alone, should be further combined with the individual's cognitive disinhibition to see that it is excessive The prediction of eating. Desuppressed eating refers to the tendency of the individual to overeat in a food-rich environment, marked by an extremely emotional food that is easily induced in a food-rich context. Externality eating. Can the index serve as a restricted diet to the propensity for bulimia Predictors? The difference in the level of de-inhibition is that the difference in behavior indicators has led to a more successful or failed diet, and whether they will be created under the conditions of a typical self-regulatory resource The amount of food? It's the study. In this study, two kinds of research methods (questionnaire, behavior study) were used to study the excess food consumption of the restricted diet, and the self-control resource deprivation paradigm was used to investigate the excess of the restricted diet. The prediction of eating behavior. On the measurement index to inhibit the eating, the emotional eating component table and the external feeding component table in the Dutch Dietetic Scale (DEBQ) are combined to be used as the test to inhibit the eating. The model was found to be in China's female university. There is good adaptability in the raw material, and the restrictive dietary path does not significantly predict the tendency of the bulimia before increasing the inhibition of the eating variable, and the addition of the variable is significant. The study is to study the effect of the variable as a restrictive diet to inhibit the eating of different restricted dieters under the condition of self-regulation and resource deprivation. The behavior provides evidence support. To study the target contradiction model based on the diet, adopt the self-control resource deprivation paradigm, and adopt 2 (self-control resources complete and self-control resources). Deprivation of diet 2 (non-limiting diet, non-limiting diet) was designed to investigate the eating behavior of a restricted diet and a non-limiting diet, and a non-limiting diet was found to be non-limiting in terms of resource integrity There was no significant difference in the feeding amount of the diet, while the food consumption was significantly higher than that of the non-limiting diet under the condition of resource deprivation, and it was in accordance with the dietary boundary model and the dietary target contradiction model, which was limited under the condition of self-regulation of the resource. The hypothesis of eating behavior in a sex diet is to study the hypothesis that the non-limiting dieters in the second study are divided into a high-deregulated feeding group and a low-deregulated feeding group, and 2 (self-regulating and self-regulating resources are complete, self-regulating and resource-deprivation) are adopted to suppress the eating restriction diet group. The non-restricted diet group (non-restricted diet group) examined the different deregulated eating levels of the restricted diet in self-regulation. The difference of food intake under the condition of resource deprivation, the results showed that the amount of food intake was significantly higher than that of the low-depressor-restricted diet and the non-limiting dieters after the resource-deprivation, and the target-contradictory model was supported in the cognitive resources of more-"success" restricted-diet individuals. The hypothesis of eating behavior under the condition of insufficient source. This study has demonstrated the excessive eating behavior of the restricted dieters under the condition of self-regulation and resource, and the first time it has been found that the inhibition of the eating variable regulates the predictive effect of the restricted diet on the satiety, and to inhibit the eating change. In theory, this study can help to explore the internal process of diet failure in the restricted diet, and further enrich and improve the diet. In practice, this study provides experimental support for the tendency of the restricted diet to predict the tendency of bulimia, in order to prevent and carry out dietary loss in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
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