权力象征性身体姿势的概念表征：具身认知的视角
发布时间：2019-05-24 12:09
【摘要】：具身认知心理学对非言语线索的研究由来已久,从早期的关于做出微笑的表情能够强化个体积极情绪的研究,到近年来关于开放与蜷缩的身体姿势影响个体权力感知的研究,具身认知理论一直试图强调身体在认知过程中起到的至关重要的作用。但是受制于研究手段以及具身认知理论本身的限制,这类研究通常采用实验手段施加在身体上,通过监测心理指标的变化来验证研究假设的操作方式,而对于施加在身体上的实验操作是如何使得心理指标发生变化的这一过程,无法给出客观的解释。本研究首先在理论层面上梳理了关于非言语行为、权力感知以及风险决策的理论发展及实证研究,阐述了在具身认知理论中身体的非言语线索是如何对权力感知产生影响的,以及在实证研究中风险决策问题是如何作为指标在实验中反映权力感知的变化的。进而在原有理论的基础上提出本研究的若干假设。预实验部分利用Park等人编制的问卷对后续研究用到的所有身体姿势进行筛选,以排除在身体姿势的操作过程中由于文化差异所带来的潜在影响。实验一根据可重复性研究的标准,使用权力象征性身体姿势研究的原始范式对原实验进行重复,结果显示高权力组与低权力组在风险决策题目上并未产生显著差异。实验二在综合参考了权力感知研究中经常采用的范式,利用情景启动的方法提出并验证了原实验中使用的风险决策材料不具备有效性的假设。实验三在原有实验材料的基础上,对比权力感知研究中采用的其他风险决策题目,添加了四道额外题目,构成了包含五道题目的风险决策问卷,并用经典的情景启动范式考察了该问卷的有效性,结果显示本研究重新编制的风险决策问卷具有较高的有效性,针对被试的权力感知操作能产生显著地差异。实验四在本研究编制的新风险决策材料基础上,参考前人研究,进一步优化了实验操作过程中的指导语,对结果进行的独立样本t检验显示,高权力组与低权力组之间仍然没有显著的差异产生。在排除了文化背景与风险决策任务可能带来的影响后,本研究得出如下结论:虽然特定的身体姿势能够在中国文化背景下被识别为象征高权力或低权力,但以这类身体姿势为操纵手段进行的个体权力感知的操作是无效的。
[Abstract]:The study of nonverbal clues in cognitive psychology has a long history, from the early study that smiling expression can strengthen the positive emotion of the individual, to the research on the influence of open and curled body posture on individual power perception in recent years. The theory of body cognition has been trying to emphasize the vital role played by the body in the cognitive process. However, subject to the limitations of research means and body-specific cognitive theory itself, this kind of research usually applies experimental means to the body, and verifies the operation of the research hypothesis by monitoring the changes of psychological indicators. However, it is impossible to give an objective explanation of how the experimental operation applied on the body makes the psychological index change. First of all, this study combs the theoretical development and empirical research on non-verbal acts, power perception and risk decision-making, and expounds how the non-verbal clues of the body have an impact on power perception in the theory of body cognition. And how the risk decision-making problem reflects the change of power perception in the experiment as an index in empirical research. Then, on the basis of the original theory, some assumptions of this study are put forward. In the pre-experiment part, the questionnaire developed by Park et al was used to screen all the body posture used in the follow-up study in order to exclude the potential influence caused by cultural differences in the operation of body posture. In the first experiment, according to the standard of repeatability study, the original paradigm of power symbolic body posture study was used to repeat the original experiment. The results showed that there was no significant difference between high power group and low power group in risk decision making. In experiment 2, referring to the paradigm often used in power perception research, the assumption that the risk decision materials used in the original experiment is not effective is proposed and verified by using the method of situational initiation. On the basis of the original experimental materials, experiment 3 compares the other risk decision questions used in the power perception research, and adds four additional questions to form a risk decision questionnaire containing five questions. The validity of the questionnaire is investigated by using the classical situational priming paradigm. The results show that the risk decision-making questionnaire redesigned in this study has high effectiveness, and there can be significant differences in the power perception operation of the subjects. In experiment 4, on the basis of the new risk decision materials compiled in this study, referring to the previous studies, the guidance language in the process of experimental operation is further optimized, and the independent sample t test of the results shows that, There is still no significant difference between the high power group and the low power group. After excluding the possible impact of cultural background and risk decision-making tasks, this study draws the following conclusions: although a specific body posture can be identified as a symbol of high or low power in the context of Chinese culture, However, the operation of individual power perception by using this kind of body posture as a means of manipulation is invalid.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2484845
[Abstract]:The study of nonverbal clues in cognitive psychology has a long history, from the early study that smiling expression can strengthen the positive emotion of the individual, to the research on the influence of open and curled body posture on individual power perception in recent years. The theory of body cognition has been trying to emphasize the vital role played by the body in the cognitive process. However, subject to the limitations of research means and body-specific cognitive theory itself, this kind of research usually applies experimental means to the body, and verifies the operation of the research hypothesis by monitoring the changes of psychological indicators. However, it is impossible to give an objective explanation of how the experimental operation applied on the body makes the psychological index change. First of all, this study combs the theoretical development and empirical research on non-verbal acts, power perception and risk decision-making, and expounds how the non-verbal clues of the body have an impact on power perception in the theory of body cognition. And how the risk decision-making problem reflects the change of power perception in the experiment as an index in empirical research. Then, on the basis of the original theory, some assumptions of this study are put forward. In the pre-experiment part, the questionnaire developed by Park et al was used to screen all the body posture used in the follow-up study in order to exclude the potential influence caused by cultural differences in the operation of body posture. In the first experiment, according to the standard of repeatability study, the original paradigm of power symbolic body posture study was used to repeat the original experiment. The results showed that there was no significant difference between high power group and low power group in risk decision making. In experiment 2, referring to the paradigm often used in power perception research, the assumption that the risk decision materials used in the original experiment is not effective is proposed and verified by using the method of situational initiation. On the basis of the original experimental materials, experiment 3 compares the other risk decision questions used in the power perception research, and adds four additional questions to form a risk decision questionnaire containing five questions. The validity of the questionnaire is investigated by using the classical situational priming paradigm. The results show that the risk decision-making questionnaire redesigned in this study has high effectiveness, and there can be significant differences in the power perception operation of the subjects. In experiment 4, on the basis of the new risk decision materials compiled in this study, referring to the previous studies, the guidance language in the process of experimental operation is further optimized, and the independent sample t test of the results shows that, There is still no significant difference between the high power group and the low power group. After excluding the possible impact of cultural background and risk decision-making tasks, this study draws the following conclusions: although a specific body posture can be identified as a symbol of high or low power in the context of Chinese culture, However, the operation of individual power perception by using this kind of body posture as a means of manipulation is invalid.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
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