非自我空间参照系对背景线索效应的影响
发布时间：2019-05-24 23:27
【摘要】：在搜索任务中,目标与固定背景的多次联合呈现,将显著提高被试在该场景中的搜索绩效,这种现象被称作背景线索效应。同时,被试通常不能识别曾重复多次的场景,也不能通过迫选任务指出目标的位置,因而背景线索效应是一种内隐效应。该效应是研究内隐空间记忆的一个经典范式,但当前对背景线索中空间编码方式的探讨十分有限。目前对背景线索效应空间编码方式的解释是基于样例的学习,这种学习相当于空间关系表征中的自我空间参照系编码。 人们对任何物体位置的编码必须借助一定的空间参照系。参照系常分为两类：自我参照系是指物体位置相对于观察者自己来表征,其需要实时更新位置关系,不利于在长时保存,是一种基本的、原始的空间表征方式；非自我参照是指物体位置相对于环境中其他物体来表征,其表征的是物体与物体间的抽象关系,便于储存,是一种灵活的、高级的空间表征方式。非自我空间参照系有两种表现形式,即根据物体与物体之间关系建立的场景内在参照系、根据物体与环境之间关系建立的环境参照系。 已有的空间参照系的结论都是以外显记忆为实验任务得到的,我们猜想从外显空间记忆中得到的相关理论也可以适用于内隐空间记忆,即内隐记忆也可以采用非自我空间参照系进行空间表征。本论文对这一猜想进行了验证。 本论文包括以下三个实验： 实验1的目的是探究在背景线索效应习得的过程中,被试能否借助自我参照系之外的信息进行空间编码。实验采用三维真实场景作为实验材料,使用2(场景类型：重复、新异)×6(学习阶段：1～6)×3(内在轴控制：正视、侧视、随机)的三因素混合实验设计。结果发现,提供了不同参照系的条件下,被试习得背景线索效应的速度不同,习得的背景线索效应量也有差异。 实验2的目的是更直接的检验在背景线索效应习得过程中,被试能否借助场景内在参照系的信息进行空间编码。实验2改进了实验1的材料,并采用2(场景类型：重复、新异)×6(学习阶段：1～6)×2(内在轴控制：有轴、无轴)的三因素混合实验设计。结果发现,在提供内在轴参照系信息的条件下,被试能在 更早的实验阶段习得背景线索效应。 实验3的目的是检验在背景线索效应中,被试能否借助环境参照系进行空间表征。实验3通过操作场景中是否存在条纹地毯这一环境参照信息,采用2(场景类型：重复、新异)×7(学习阶段：1～7)×2(内在轴控制：有轴、无轴)的三因素混合实验设计。结果发现,是否提供环境参照系信息并未影响背景线索效应的习得。 在本论文的条件下,得出以下结论： (1)背景线索效应不只是基于样例的编码加工,其存在更高级的编码方式。 (2)背景线索效应的空间编码可以借助场景内在参照系进行。 (3)背景线索效应的空间编码并不能从环境参照系中受益。
[Abstract]:In the search task, the multiple joint presentation of the target and the fixed background will significantly improve the search performance of the subjects in the scene, which is called the background clue effect. At the same time, the subjects can not recognize the scenes that have been repeated many times, nor can they point out the position of the target through the forced selection task, so the background clue effect is an implicit effect. This effect is a classical paradigm for the study of implicit spatial memory, but the current discussion on spatial coding in background clues is very limited. At present, the explanation of spatial coding method of background clue effect is based on sample learning, which is equivalent to self-spatial reference frame coding in spatial relation representation. The coding of any object position must be based on a certain spatial frame of reference. The reference system is often divided into two categories: self-reference frame refers to the representation of the position of the object relative to the observer itself, which needs to update the position relationship in real time, which is not conducive to preservation in a long time, and is a basic, original spatial representation method; Non-self-reference refers to the representation of the position of the object relative to other objects in the environment, which represents the abstract relationship between the object and the object, is easy to store, and is a flexible and advanced spatial representation method. There are two forms of non-self-spatial reference system, namely, the scene internal reference system based on the relationship between the object and the object, and the environmental reference system based on the relationship between the object and the environment. The conclusions of the existing spatial reference system are obtained by the experimental task of explicit memory. We guess that the relevant theories obtained from explicit spatial memory can also be applied to implicit spatial memory. That is, implicit memory can also use non-self-spatial reference system for spatial representation. In this paper, this conjecture is verified. This paper includes the following three experiments: the purpose of experiment 1 is to explore whether the subjects can carry out spatial coding with the help of information outside the self-reference system in the process of background clue effect acquisition. In the experiment, the three-dimensional real scene is used as the experimental material, and the three-factor mixed experimental design of 2 (scene type: repetition, new difference) 脳 6 (learning stage: 1 鈮，
本文编号：2485278
[Abstract]:In the search task, the multiple joint presentation of the target and the fixed background will significantly improve the search performance of the subjects in the scene, which is called the background clue effect. At the same time, the subjects can not recognize the scenes that have been repeated many times, nor can they point out the position of the target through the forced selection task, so the background clue effect is an implicit effect. This effect is a classical paradigm for the study of implicit spatial memory, but the current discussion on spatial coding in background clues is very limited. At present, the explanation of spatial coding method of background clue effect is based on sample learning, which is equivalent to self-spatial reference frame coding in spatial relation representation. The coding of any object position must be based on a certain spatial frame of reference. The reference system is often divided into two categories: self-reference frame refers to the representation of the position of the object relative to the observer itself, which needs to update the position relationship in real time, which is not conducive to preservation in a long time, and is a basic, original spatial representation method; Non-self-reference refers to the representation of the position of the object relative to other objects in the environment, which represents the abstract relationship between the object and the object, is easy to store, and is a flexible and advanced spatial representation method. There are two forms of non-self-spatial reference system, namely, the scene internal reference system based on the relationship between the object and the object, and the environmental reference system based on the relationship between the object and the environment. The conclusions of the existing spatial reference system are obtained by the experimental task of explicit memory. We guess that the relevant theories obtained from explicit spatial memory can also be applied to implicit spatial memory. That is, implicit memory can also use non-self-spatial reference system for spatial representation. In this paper, this conjecture is verified. This paper includes the following three experiments: the purpose of experiment 1 is to explore whether the subjects can carry out spatial coding with the help of information outside the self-reference system in the process of background clue effect acquisition. In the experiment, the three-dimensional real scene is used as the experimental material, and the three-factor mixed experimental design of 2 (scene type: repetition, new difference) 脳 6 (learning stage: 1 鈮，
本文编号：2485278
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xinlixingwei/2485278.html
