呈现时机提前与任务重合对事件前瞻记忆线索觉察的影响
发布时间：2019-05-25 00:18
【摘要】：前瞻记忆是人类特有的一种记忆现象,无时无刻不影响着我们的日常生活。前瞻记忆可定义为记得和执行延迟意图的能力。根据前瞻记忆的生活情境特征,研究者们设计了经典的前瞻记忆双任务实验范式,将前瞻任务镶嵌在进行中任务,被试在完成进行中任务过程中,前瞻线索不经意出现,考察被试是否及时成功地中断进行中任务,完成前瞻任务。在前瞻记忆活动中,能否在前瞻线索出现时及时觉察是完成前瞻记忆任务的关键。前人研究发现对前瞻记忆线索觉察的可能是在进行中任务靶目标监测完成之后才开始,然而,也有研究发现前瞻记忆线索也存在被优先觉察的可能性。由此,前瞻记忆线索能否被优先觉察,在何种条件下能被优先觉察目前还没有一致的结论。所以,研究还需要对这一个问题进行进一步地探讨。在过去的研究中,前瞻线索主要呈现在进行中任务的搜索序列当中,但这还不足以很好地解释人们在前瞻记忆任务中的行为。本研究在此基础上,通过把前瞻线索呈现时机提前在目标线索位置,从而考察前瞻记忆线索能否被优先觉察。其次,先前研究对前瞻任务与进行中任务只是进行了简单的操纵,前瞻任务与进行中任务分离程度较高。这并不能最大程度上地解释前瞻记忆线索是否存在明显的优先觉察效应。为了更深入去探讨前瞻任务与进行中任务共同抢占注意资源的情况,研究把前瞻记忆线索呈现在目标位置,也同时呈现在搜索序列当中,使前瞻任务与进行中任务纠缠在一起,更大程度上让任务发生重合,以考察这种任务重合性是否对前瞻记忆线索的优先觉察产生抑制作用。研究采用前瞻记忆的双任务实验范式并运用眼动技术来考察前瞻记忆线索的觉察效应。实验一主要作为基线水平,前瞻线索正常呈现,即呈现在搜索序列当中,以考察搜索序列下不同前瞻线索类型的觉察效应,前瞻线索能否被优先觉察以及进行中任务对前瞻线索觉察的情况如何。实验二则是通过改变呈现的时机,把前瞻线索呈现时机提前在目标线索位置,以考察呈现时机提前时前瞻线索是否能获得优先觉察的可能,或者进行中任务还能否被优先加工。实验三则是让前瞻任务与进行中任务纠缠在一起,使前瞻任务与进行中任务更大程度上发生重合,把前瞻线索呈现在目标线索位置并同时呈现在搜索序列当中,以考任务重合对前瞻记忆线索的觉察是否具有抑制或促进作用。研究采用了三个实验来研究不同实验条件对前瞻记忆线索觉察的影响,得出了如下结论:第一,当前瞻线索正常呈现时,即在搜索序列中呈现,大多数被试很难觉察到前瞻线索,优先加工的可能性被进行中任务抢夺,前瞻记忆的成功完成需要比较多认知资源的消耗;尤其是当搜索序列中前瞻线索与进行中任务目标同时出现时,前瞻线索被觉察到的可能性更低,进行任务几乎占据加工优势。第二,当前瞻线索呈现时机提前在目标位置时,优先觉察前瞻线索的可能性大大增加,而且其加工所需的认知资源也比较少,很大程度上提高了前瞻记忆的表现,极大地削弱了进行中任务的优先加工效应。第三,任务重合在某种程度上会抑制对前瞻记忆线索的优先觉察,尤其是当目标靶与序列中的前瞻靶一致时,进行中任务与前瞻任务资源抢夺竞争激烈,一定程度上会诱发被试优先做进行中任务反应。而当目标靶与序列中的前瞻靶不一致时,这种激烈程度有所缓和。第四,前瞻记忆具备多重加工的特点,受到不同呈现时机和任务特征的影响。
[Abstract]:The look-ahead memory is a kind of memory that is peculiar to human, and it does not affect our daily life. The look-ahead memory can be defined as the ability to remember and execute the delay intent. According to the characteristics of the life situation of the prospective memory, the researchers have designed the classic look-ahead and memory double-task experimental paradigm, and set the forward-looking task in the process of the task. To investigate whether the participants had successfully interrupted the tasks in time and completed the forward-looking tasks. In the forward-looking memory activity, it is the key to realize the prospective memory task in time when the look-ahead clue is present. Previous studies have found that it is possible to detect a prospective memory cue only after the target monitoring of the target target is completed. However, there is also a possibility that the prospective memory leads will be perceived as a priority. As a result, the possibility of a prospective memory can be perceived as a matter of priority, and there is no consistent conclusion under which conditions to be perceived as a matter of priority. Therefore, the study needs to be further explored. In the past research, the look-ahead clue is mainly presented in the search sequence of the ongoing task, but it is not enough to explain the behavior of people in the prospective memory task well. On the basis of this study, we can see whether the prospective memory leads can be perceived as a matter of priority by advancing the timing of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position. Secondly, the previous research has only carried out the simple manipulation of the forward-looking task and the task, and the forward-looking task and the task of carrying out the task have a high degree of separation. This does not, to the maximum extent, explain whether the prospective memory leads have a significant priority perception effect. in ord to further explore that situation of the forward-looking task and the ongoing task to seize the attention resource, the research will present the look-ahead memory lead in the target position, and also present in the search sequence, so that the forward-looking task and the carry-in task are entangled together, to a greater extent the task is coincident, In ord to investigate whether that coincidence of this task has an inhibitory effect on the priority of the prospective memory cue. In this paper, we study the two-task experimental paradigm of the prospective memory and use the eye movement technique to study the perception effect of the prospective memory cue. Experiment 1 is mainly used as the baseline level, and the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, it is presented in the search sequence to examine the perceived effect of different look-ahead clue types under the search sequence, whether the look-ahead clue can be perceived as a matter of priority, and how the tasks are to be perceived by the forward-looking thread. Experiment 2 is to change the timing of the presentation, and lead the time of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position in advance, so as to investigate whether the lead-ahead clue can get the possibility of the priority perception when the presentation time is advanced, or whether the middle task can be processed preferentially. in that experiment, the look-ahead task and the carry-in task are entangled together to make the look-ahead task coincide with the task to be carried out to a greater degree, the look-ahead clue is presented in the target thread position and simultaneously presented in the search sequence, The detection of the prospective memory leads is inhibited or promoted by the coincidence of the examination task. In this paper, three experiments were used to study the effect of different experimental conditions on the perception of the prospective memory cue, and the following conclusions are drawn: First, when the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, in the search sequence, most of the subjects are difficult to perceive the look-ahead clue, the possibility of priority processing is carried out, and the successful completion of the prospective memory needs to be compared with the consumption of the multi-cognitive resources; in particular, when the look-ahead clue in the search sequence and the target of the ongoing task appear at the same time, the probability that the look-ahead clue is perceived is lower, The task almost takes advantage of the processing advantage. Secondly, when the timing of the look-ahead cue is in advance in the target position, the possibility of priority detection of the prospective leads is greatly increased, and the cognitive resources required for the processing are less, the performance of the prospective memory is greatly improved, and the priority processing effect of the ongoing task is greatly reduced. Thirdly, to some extent, the task coincides with the priority of the prospective memory, especially when the target target is in line with the forward-looking target in the sequence, the task of the task and the forward-looking task resource snatch and the competition are fierce, and a certain degree will induce the participants to perform the task response. This degree of intensity is somewhat relaxed when the target target is not in line with the prospective target in the sequence. Fourth, the prospective memory has the characteristics of multiple processing, and is affected by the timing of different presentation and the characteristics of the task.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2485317
[Abstract]:The look-ahead memory is a kind of memory that is peculiar to human, and it does not affect our daily life. The look-ahead memory can be defined as the ability to remember and execute the delay intent. According to the characteristics of the life situation of the prospective memory, the researchers have designed the classic look-ahead and memory double-task experimental paradigm, and set the forward-looking task in the process of the task. To investigate whether the participants had successfully interrupted the tasks in time and completed the forward-looking tasks. In the forward-looking memory activity, it is the key to realize the prospective memory task in time when the look-ahead clue is present. Previous studies have found that it is possible to detect a prospective memory cue only after the target monitoring of the target target is completed. However, there is also a possibility that the prospective memory leads will be perceived as a priority. As a result, the possibility of a prospective memory can be perceived as a matter of priority, and there is no consistent conclusion under which conditions to be perceived as a matter of priority. Therefore, the study needs to be further explored. In the past research, the look-ahead clue is mainly presented in the search sequence of the ongoing task, but it is not enough to explain the behavior of people in the prospective memory task well. On the basis of this study, we can see whether the prospective memory leads can be perceived as a matter of priority by advancing the timing of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position. Secondly, the previous research has only carried out the simple manipulation of the forward-looking task and the task, and the forward-looking task and the task of carrying out the task have a high degree of separation. This does not, to the maximum extent, explain whether the prospective memory leads have a significant priority perception effect. in ord to further explore that situation of the forward-looking task and the ongoing task to seize the attention resource, the research will present the look-ahead memory lead in the target position, and also present in the search sequence, so that the forward-looking task and the carry-in task are entangled together, to a greater extent the task is coincident, In ord to investigate whether that coincidence of this task has an inhibitory effect on the priority of the prospective memory cue. In this paper, we study the two-task experimental paradigm of the prospective memory and use the eye movement technique to study the perception effect of the prospective memory cue. Experiment 1 is mainly used as the baseline level, and the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, it is presented in the search sequence to examine the perceived effect of different look-ahead clue types under the search sequence, whether the look-ahead clue can be perceived as a matter of priority, and how the tasks are to be perceived by the forward-looking thread. Experiment 2 is to change the timing of the presentation, and lead the time of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position in advance, so as to investigate whether the lead-ahead clue can get the possibility of the priority perception when the presentation time is advanced, or whether the middle task can be processed preferentially. in that experiment, the look-ahead task and the carry-in task are entangled together to make the look-ahead task coincide with the task to be carried out to a greater degree, the look-ahead clue is presented in the target thread position and simultaneously presented in the search sequence, The detection of the prospective memory leads is inhibited or promoted by the coincidence of the examination task. In this paper, three experiments were used to study the effect of different experimental conditions on the perception of the prospective memory cue, and the following conclusions are drawn: First, when the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, in the search sequence, most of the subjects are difficult to perceive the look-ahead clue, the possibility of priority processing is carried out, and the successful completion of the prospective memory needs to be compared with the consumption of the multi-cognitive resources; in particular, when the look-ahead clue in the search sequence and the target of the ongoing task appear at the same time, the probability that the look-ahead clue is perceived is lower, The task almost takes advantage of the processing advantage. Secondly, when the timing of the look-ahead cue is in advance in the target position, the possibility of priority detection of the prospective leads is greatly increased, and the cognitive resources required for the processing are less, the performance of the prospective memory is greatly improved, and the priority processing effect of the ongoing task is greatly reduced. Thirdly, to some extent, the task coincides with the priority of the prospective memory, especially when the target target is in line with the forward-looking target in the sequence, the task of the task and the forward-looking task resource snatch and the competition are fierce, and a certain degree will induce the participants to perform the task response. This degree of intensity is somewhat relaxed when the target target is not in line with the prospective target in the sequence. Fourth, the prospective memory has the characteristics of multiple processing, and is affected by the timing of different presentation and the characteristics of the task.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
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