无意识成就目标的激活与追求
发布时间：2019-06-02 03:04
【摘要】：随着无意识工作激励的兴起,尤其是无意识目标管理的应用,越来越多的研究已经证明,目标可以在个体的意识之外被外部环境刺激激活,并且与有意识目标追求一样,被激活的无意识目标同样可以引起个体对于已激活目标的持续追求。 在无意识目标研究领域,成就目标总是通过阈上启动的方式被激活(Bargh, et al.,2001),研究者将目标激活与目标追求两个阶段设计为表面上看似无关的两项任务,然后在全部任务结束后让被试完成主观自我报告(即是否意识到目标激活),但是对此实验设计的争论较多。首先,被试主观报告内容的真实性无法判断；其次,许多研究表明个体的内省能力是有限的。因此,为了获得更纯粹的“无意识”状态,研究一假设成就目标能够通过阈下启动的方式得以激活,并且通过ERP技术来探索目标激活阶段阈下呈现的成就目标相关词所诱发的脑电,同时我们在目标激活阶段采用颜色判断任务,每个试次都要求被试进行按键反应,记录被试完成颜色判断任务的正确率、反应时,作为确保被试在目标激活阶段注意力集中的客观指标。此外,基于无意识目标追求发生机制的假设(CustersAarts,2010),前人研究为了探索个体对目标价值进行判断,通常在目标激活阶段目标相关词之后呈现积极情感词,但在前人所使用的启动范式中,目标激活阶段一些作为背景阈上呈现的积极情感词(很棒、真好等)本身就具有激励的作用,因此有可能个体在目标追求阶段获得较好的任务表现,并不是由目标激活阶段阈下呈现的目标相关词引起,可能是个体直接受到了积极情感词的激励。对此,研究二认为前人研究中目标激活阶段出现的积极情感词可能会影响个体目标追求阶段的任务表现,为了验证该假设,我们在研究二除了将目标激活阶段颜色判断任务中成就目标的有无作为自变量外,也将颜色词属性(积极、中性)作为自变量。 研究一：采用单因素被试内设计。自变量为目标激活阶段无意识成就目标(有、无),因变量为目标追求阶段被试判断两位数加减法算术式的正确率和平均反应时。在目标激活阶段,利用ERP技术记录阈下刺激(成就目标相关词,成就目标无关词)出现后,所诱发的ERP成分。结果发现阈下呈现的成就目标相关词诱发了一个明显的N2,可能反映了大脑执行控制功能在个体无意识成就目标激活与追求过程中的参与。研究二：实验采用2*2被试内设计。自变量为目标激活阶段无意识成就目标(有、无)、颜色词属性(积极、中性),因变量为目标追求阶段被试判断两位数加减法算术式的正确率和平均反应时。结果表明,在目标激活阶段,在积极情感词条件下,个体完成颜色判断任务的平均反应时长于中性情感词条件,似乎说明了个体可以自动判断目标具有的价值；在目标追求阶段,无意识成就目标激活(有、无)和颜色词属性(积极、中性)对被试平均反应时的影响存在着交互作用,似乎表明成就目标与积极情感对于个体的无意识目标追求有不同影响。 通过研究一和研究二的结果,我们认为：(1)研究一目标激活阶段阈下呈现的成就目标相关词所诱发的N2,可能反应了大脑执行控制功能在无意识成就目标激活与追求中的重要作用；(2)研究二目标激活阶段阈下呈现的成就目标(相关词、无关词)与阈上呈现的颜色词(积极、中性)会共同影响个体在目标追求阶段任务策略的使用。
[Abstract]:With the rise of unconscious work motivation, especially the application of unconscious target management, more and more research has proved that the target can be stimulated by external environment outside the individual's consciousness, and is the same as the conscious goal, The activated unconscious target can also cause an individual's continuous pursuit of the activated target. In the field of unconscious target research, the achievement goal is always activated by the way that the threshold is activated (Bargh, et al.,2001), and the researchers design two stages of the target activation and goal as seemingly unrelated to the surface The subject is then subject to a subjective self-report (i.e., whether the target activation is recognized) after the end of the full task, but the debate on this experimental design is more More. First, the authenticity of the subject's subjective report content can't be judged; secondly, many studies show that the individual's introspection ability is limited Therefore, in order to obtain a more pure "unconsciousness" state, it is assumed that an assumed achievement target can be activated by a subthreshold, and the brain-induced brain of the achievement object-related word presented at the target activation stage threshold is explored by the ERP technique. At the same time, at the same time, we used the color judgment task in the target activation stage. Each test time required the participants to carry out the key reaction, and record the correct rate and the response of the subjects to complete the color judgment task, and as an objective means to ensure that the participants were focused on the target activation stage In addition, based on the hypothesis of the pursuit of the mechanism of the unconscious target (CustsAgarts,2010), the previous studies, in order to explore the individual's judgment on the target value, usually present positive affective words after the target-related words of the target activation phase, but in the start-up paradigm used by the predecessors In addition, some positive affective words (great, good, and so on) presented on the background threshold in the target activation phase have the effect of motivation, so it is possible that the individual obtains better task performance at the goal-seeking stage, and is not the target-related word that is presented at the target activation stage threshold. As a result, it may be that the individual is directly excited by the positive emotional words In order to verify the hypothesis, we study the presence or absence of the achievement goal in the target activation phase color judgment task as an independent variable in order to verify the hypothesis. In addition, the color word attribute (positive and neutral) is also used as the self-change Quantity. Study 1: single-factor test Internal design. The independent variable is the target of the non-conscious achievement in the target activation stage (with, without). The variable is the target of the target, and the accuracy and the average of the two-digit addition and subtraction arithmetic are determined. In response, after the target activation phase, the induced ER was recorded by using the ERP technology to record the subthreshold stimulus (achievement target-related words, achievement goal-related words). The result shows that the achievement goal-related words in the subthreshold induce an obvious N2, which may reflect the function of the executive control of the brain in the activation and pursuit of the individual's unconscious achievement. participation. Study 2:2 * 2 subjects were used in the experiment Internal design. The independent variable is the target of the unconscious achievement of the target activation stage (with, without), and the color word attribute (positive and neutral). The variable is the target-seeking stage, and the correct rate and the average of the double-digit addition and subtraction arithmetic are determined. The results show that in the target activation stage, under the condition of active affective words, the average response of the individual to the color judgment task is longer than that of the neutral emotion term, and it appears that the individual can automatically judge the value of the target; in the goal-seeking stage, the unconscious achievement target is The interaction of living (with, without) and color word attributes (positive and neutral) on the average response of the individual seems to indicate that the achievement goal and the positive emotion are not the pursuit of the individual's unconscious target. In the same way, by studying the results of one and two studies, we think that: (1) It is possible to study the N2 which is induced by the target-related word of achievement under the threshold of the target activation phase, which may reflect the function of the executive control of the brain in the activation and pursuit of the target of the unconscious achievement. (2) The achievement goal (related words, irrelevant words) presented at the threshold of the two-objective activation phase and the color words (positive and neutral) presented on the threshold will influence the individual's task in the goal-seeking stage.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2490780
[Abstract]:With the rise of unconscious work motivation, especially the application of unconscious target management, more and more research has proved that the target can be stimulated by external environment outside the individual's consciousness, and is the same as the conscious goal, The activated unconscious target can also cause an individual's continuous pursuit of the activated target. In the field of unconscious target research, the achievement goal is always activated by the way that the threshold is activated (Bargh, et al.,2001), and the researchers design two stages of the target activation and goal as seemingly unrelated to the surface The subject is then subject to a subjective self-report (i.e., whether the target activation is recognized) after the end of the full task, but the debate on this experimental design is more More. First, the authenticity of the subject's subjective report content can't be judged; secondly, many studies show that the individual's introspection ability is limited Therefore, in order to obtain a more pure "unconsciousness" state, it is assumed that an assumed achievement target can be activated by a subthreshold, and the brain-induced brain of the achievement object-related word presented at the target activation stage threshold is explored by the ERP technique. At the same time, at the same time, we used the color judgment task in the target activation stage. Each test time required the participants to carry out the key reaction, and record the correct rate and the response of the subjects to complete the color judgment task, and as an objective means to ensure that the participants were focused on the target activation stage In addition, based on the hypothesis of the pursuit of the mechanism of the unconscious target (CustsAgarts,2010), the previous studies, in order to explore the individual's judgment on the target value, usually present positive affective words after the target-related words of the target activation phase, but in the start-up paradigm used by the predecessors In addition, some positive affective words (great, good, and so on) presented on the background threshold in the target activation phase have the effect of motivation, so it is possible that the individual obtains better task performance at the goal-seeking stage, and is not the target-related word that is presented at the target activation stage threshold. As a result, it may be that the individual is directly excited by the positive emotional words In order to verify the hypothesis, we study the presence or absence of the achievement goal in the target activation phase color judgment task as an independent variable in order to verify the hypothesis. In addition, the color word attribute (positive and neutral) is also used as the self-change Quantity. Study 1: single-factor test Internal design. The independent variable is the target of the non-conscious achievement in the target activation stage (with, without). The variable is the target of the target, and the accuracy and the average of the two-digit addition and subtraction arithmetic are determined. In response, after the target activation phase, the induced ER was recorded by using the ERP technology to record the subthreshold stimulus (achievement target-related words, achievement goal-related words). The result shows that the achievement goal-related words in the subthreshold induce an obvious N2, which may reflect the function of the executive control of the brain in the activation and pursuit of the individual's unconscious achievement. participation. Study 2:2 * 2 subjects were used in the experiment Internal design. The independent variable is the target of the unconscious achievement of the target activation stage (with, without), and the color word attribute (positive and neutral). The variable is the target-seeking stage, and the correct rate and the average of the double-digit addition and subtraction arithmetic are determined. The results show that in the target activation stage, under the condition of active affective words, the average response of the individual to the color judgment task is longer than that of the neutral emotion term, and it appears that the individual can automatically judge the value of the target; in the goal-seeking stage, the unconscious achievement target is The interaction of living (with, without) and color word attributes (positive and neutral) on the average response of the individual seems to indicate that the achievement goal and the positive emotion are not the pursuit of the individual's unconscious target. In the same way, by studying the results of one and two studies, we think that: (1) It is possible to study the N2 which is induced by the target-related word of achievement under the threshold of the target activation phase, which may reflect the function of the executive control of the brain in the activation and pursuit of the target of the unconscious achievement. (2) The achievement goal (related words, irrelevant words) presented at the threshold of the two-objective activation phase and the color words (positive and neutral) presented on the threshold will influence the individual's task in the goal-seeking stage.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 彭贺;徐千里;;无意识工作激励:定义、模型及展望[J];心理科学进展;2010年06期
2 陈瑞涵;杨文静;李海江;张庆林;;无意识成就目标对高低成就动机个体的激励[J];西南大学学报(自然科学版);2013年02期
，本文编号：2490780
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