工作负荷相关变量及工作—家庭冲突对职业倦怠的影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-02 14:12

【摘要】：我国庞大的人口和日益增强的医疗保健意识以及医疗资源的相对稀缺使得医疗卫生工作人员的工作量也日益增大。与此同时不断发生的医患冲突事件也使得医疗卫生工作人员对自身工作的不满和担忧逐渐显露。这一切都增加了医务人员出现职业倦怠的风险,而职业倦怠是一种对个人身心健康、患者和医疗机构都非常有害的状态。国内目前对医务人员职业倦怠的研究的取样局限于少数地区,样本量也鲜有在1000以上。国内现有研究已经对工作负荷、角色应激源和工作-家庭冲突分别对倦怠的影响做出了探索,然而却鲜有研究从工作-家庭冲突的视角来分析工作负荷、角色应激源和倦怠之间的作用机制,而工作和家庭又非常能够体现文化的影响,对此进行探索的研究就更加少了。本研究采用工作倦怠问卷、工作要求和决策自主问卷、跨文化角色冲突、角色混淆和角色超载问卷以及工作影响家庭和家庭影响工作问卷对中国东中西部的2530名临床医生进行了问卷调查。通过SPSS19.0和Amos17.0进行了描述性分析、相关分析、验证性因素分析以及运用结构方程模型进行多重中介分析,得出如下结论： (1)在被调查的临床医生中,有85.4%的医生处于倦怠状态,其中轻度倦怠占到41.6%,中度倦怠占35.2%,高度倦怠占到8.6%,大部分被调查医生处于轻中度倦怠。结果还显示,处于情感耗竭状态的医生占到总人数的26.8%,处于人格解体状态的医生占到44.4%,处于成就感降低状态的人数则占到了93.9%。此外,本研究所调查医生感受到的工作负荷和角色混淆均为中等偏上,工作影响家庭程度中等偏上,家庭影响工作程度较弱。 (2)本研究调查医生工作负荷、情感耗竭、工作影响家庭和家庭影响与职业倦怠之间相关显著。具体来说,情感耗竭与角色混淆极其显著正相关,与工作负荷极其显著正相关。人格解体与角色混淆极其显著正相关,与工作负荷无显著相关关系。成就感降低与角色混淆极其显著正相关,与工作负荷极其显著负相关。此外,情感耗竭与工作影响家庭和家庭影响工作均极其显著正相关。人格解体与工作影响家庭无显著相关关系,与家庭影响工作极其显著正相关。成就感降低与工作影响家庭极其显著负相关,与家庭影响工作极其显著正相关。 (3)工作影响家庭是角色混淆和情感耗竭的部分中介变量以及角色混淆和成就感降低的部分中介变量,是工作负荷和情感耗竭的部分中介变量,是工作负荷和成就感降低的完全中介变量。家庭影响工作是角色混淆和情感耗竭的部分中介变量以及角色混淆和人格解体的部分中介变量。
[Abstract]:With the huge population, increasing awareness of medical care and the relative scarcity of medical resources, the workload of medical and health workers is also increasing day by day. At the same time, the continuous doctor-patient conflict has gradually exposed the dissatisfaction and concern of medical and health workers about their own work. All this increases the risk of job burnout for medical staff, which is a very harmful state to personal physical and mental health, patients and medical institutions. At present, the sampling of job burnout of medical staff in China is limited to a few areas, and the sample size is rarely more than 1000. The existing domestic studies have explored the effects of workload, role stress sources and work-family conflict on burnout, respectively. However, few studies have analyzed workload from the perspective of work-family conflict. The mechanism between role stress and burnout, and work and family can reflect the influence of culture very much, and the research on this is even less. In this study, job burnout questionnaire, job requirements and decision-making autonomy questionnaire, cross-cultural role conflict were used. 2530 clinicians in eastern, central and western China were investigated with role confusion and role overload questionnaire, as well as work impact on family and family. Through descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple intermediary analysis using structural equation model by SPSS19.0 and Amos17.0, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) among the clinicians surveyed, 85.4% of the doctors were in burnout, of which 41.6% were mild burnout, 35.2% were moderate burnout, 8.6% were highly burnout, and most of the doctors surveyed were mild to moderate burnout. The results also showed that 26.8% of the doctors were in the state of emotional exhaustion, 44.4% in the state of personality disintegration and 93.9% in the state of reduced sense of achievement. In addition, the workload and role confusion felt by doctors in this study were middle and upper, the degree of work affecting the family was higher than that of family, and the influence of family on the degree of work was weak. (2) in this study, doctors' workload, emotional exhaustion, job impact on family and family were significantly correlated with job burnout. Specifically, emotional exhaustion is positively correlated with role confusion and workload. Personality disintegration was positively correlated with role confusion, but not with workload. The decrease of achievement was positively correlated with role confusion and negatively correlated with workload. In addition, emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with the influence of work on family and family. There was no significant correlation between personality disintegration and the influence of work on the family, but there was a significant positive correlation between personality disintegration and the influence of family on work. The decrease of achievement was negatively correlated with the influence of work on the family, and positively correlated with the influence of the family on the work. (3) the influence of work on the family is a part of the intermediary variables of role confusion and emotional exhaustion, as well as some intermediary variables of role confusion and reduced sense of achievement, and is part of the intermediary variables of workload and emotional exhaustion. Is a complete intermediary variable for reduced workload and sense of achievement. Family influence work is a part of intermediary variables of role confusion and emotional exhaustion, as well as some intermediary variables of role confusion and personality disintegration.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.3

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