公正世界信念的双重结构在利他惩罚决策中的功能分离
发布时间：2019-06-03 09:53
【摘要】：公正世界信念(文中有时简称为“信念”或“BJW”)是一把双刃剑,具有积极和消极双重功能。信念结构的划分为其双重结构提供了理论解释。不公正情境对公正世界信念造成威胁,引发防御反应。自我公正世界信念与他人公正世界信念是公正世界信念的双重结构,这一二维结构各自具有不同的功能。利他惩罚建立在公正知觉基础上,以自己付出代价为前提,需要考虑成本-收益之间的平衡。对公正的认知差异在利弊权衡过程中发挥重要功能。 本文主要包括三个部分,研究一采用问卷法寻找公正世界信念两种结构与利他惩罚的关系及情境因素严重性的影响；研究二采用第三方惩罚博弈界定信念的结构差异所造成的决策偏好,以公正世界信念为个人特质寻找更易做出利他惩罚的信念结构特征；研究三采用最后通牒博弈掩盖研究二中利他动机的激活,旨在与研究二形成比较,揭示利他动机的影响机制。通过三项研究的对比和综合,得出以下几点发现： 1.公正世界信念影响对不公正严重性的感知。公正世界信念高者,对不公正严重性的感知阈限较高；公正世界信念低者,对不公正严重性的感知阈限较低。 2.只有当事件严重威胁个体的公正世界信念,使自己的认知冲突大于自己所能承受的代价时,人们才愿意做出维护公正的行为。公正世界信念使人们能够接受(容忍)一定程度的不公正,特别是维护公正需要付出代价时。但随着严重程度的提高,超过某种界限,人们也会变得“忍无可忍”,做出维护公正的惩罚。 3.在特定情境条件下,个人公正世界信念对利他惩罚意向具有正向预测作用。个人公正世界信念高于一般公正世界信念的个体更有可能做出利他惩罚,目.个人公正世界信念越高,做出利他惩罚的可能性越大。但这种利他功能具有情境依赖性：只有在公正受到严重破坏且具有外显的利他动机条件下才会发生。 4.一般公正世界信念对利他惩罚意向有负向预测作用。一般公正世界信念高于个人公正世界信念的个体只在严重不公正的情境下才表现出对不公正的厌恶和对公正的维护,但这种维护公正的功能更关注自身的公正而非他人。
[Abstract]:Belief in a just world (sometimes referred to as "belief" or "BJW") is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative functions. The division of belief structure provides a theoretical explanation for its dual structure. Injustice poses a threat to belief in a just world and triggers a defensive response. The belief of self-just world and the belief of others in the just world are the dual structures of the belief of just world, and these two-dimensional structures have different functions. Altruistic punishment is based on the perception of justice, and the cost-benefit balance needs to be considered on the premise of paying the price. The cognitive difference of justice plays an important role in the tradeoff of pros and cons. This paper mainly consists of three parts, to study the relationship between the two structures of belief in a just world and altruistic punishment and the influence of situational factors on the severity of situational factors. In the second study, the third party punishment game is used to define the decision preference caused by the structural differences of beliefs, and the belief in the just world is used as the personal characteristic to find the belief structure characteristics which are easier to make altruistic punishment. In the third study, ultimatum game was used to cover up the activation of altruistic motivation in the second study, in order to form a comparison with the second study and reveal the influence mechanism of altruistic motivation. Through the comparison and synthesis of the three studies, the following findings are obtained: 1. The belief in a just world affects the perception of the gravity of injustice. Those who believe in a just world have a higher threshold for the severity of injustice, and those with a low belief in a just world have a lower threshold for the severity of injustice. two銆，
本文编号：2491860
[Abstract]:Belief in a just world (sometimes referred to as "belief" or "BJW") is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative functions. The division of belief structure provides a theoretical explanation for its dual structure. Injustice poses a threat to belief in a just world and triggers a defensive response. The belief of self-just world and the belief of others in the just world are the dual structures of the belief of just world, and these two-dimensional structures have different functions. Altruistic punishment is based on the perception of justice, and the cost-benefit balance needs to be considered on the premise of paying the price. The cognitive difference of justice plays an important role in the tradeoff of pros and cons. This paper mainly consists of three parts, to study the relationship between the two structures of belief in a just world and altruistic punishment and the influence of situational factors on the severity of situational factors. In the second study, the third party punishment game is used to define the decision preference caused by the structural differences of beliefs, and the belief in the just world is used as the personal characteristic to find the belief structure characteristics which are easier to make altruistic punishment. In the third study, ultimatum game was used to cover up the activation of altruistic motivation in the second study, in order to form a comparison with the second study and reveal the influence mechanism of altruistic motivation. Through the comparison and synthesis of the three studies, the following findings are obtained: 1. The belief in a just world affects the perception of the gravity of injustice. Those who believe in a just world have a higher threshold for the severity of injustice, and those with a low belief in a just world have a lower threshold for the severity of injustice. two銆，
本文编号：2491860
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