对称场景中物体朝向变化与空间记忆参照系的建立
发布时间：2019-06-03 19:02
【摘要】：在空间记忆研究领域,空间认知活动以及空间能力对于个体如何有效地记忆环境中的建筑物的位置以及日常生活物品的摆放,对于我们准确感知物体并顺利完成抓取物体以及避免迷失方向有重要的意义。以往的研究已经对空间记忆表征的影响因素(环境因素和自我经验因素)进行过深入探讨,但是对于物体属性对空间表征的影响作用这方面的研究比较少。已有研究发现物体朝向一致性和场景再认时的朝向特异性有高度的相关。这提示物体朝向可能是空间记忆参照系的决定因素之一。并且以往关于空间记忆认知的研究多集中在不规则场景物体朝向一致与均匀物体条件下空间记忆内在参照系如何建立的问题上。对于物体朝向的多样化组合(朝向随机,朝向凸显,朝向和无朝向的混合等)对空间参照的系统变化则很少涉及。本研究借助于眼动追踪技术,根据Mou(2002)等人提出的空间记忆的内在参照系理论,采用了基于整组被试的实验设计,系统地考察了对称场景中,物体朝向一致、物体朝向随机、单个物体朝向凸显条件下内在参照效应和观察视点依赖效应的变化。三个实验场景采用3DMAX制作了七个物体,位置摆放参考Mou(2009)范式,分为学习和测试两个阶段,任务采取局部场景再认任务。结果发现：(1)在物体朝向一致的对称场景中,被试在学习过程中眼动轨迹次数在0。同类朝向方向和315。同类朝向方向没有显著差异,在部分场景再认任务中,被试在0。-180。轴和135。-315。轴条件下的部分场景再认反应时没有显著差异。(2)在物体朝向随机的对称场景中,相对于315。同类朝向方向,被试在学习过程中眼睛会显著地在0。同类朝向方向上移动,在部分场景再认任务中,被试在0。-180。轴和135。-315。轴条件下的部分场景再认反应时没有显著差异(3)在单个物体朝向的对称场景中,被试在学习过程中,相对于315。同类朝向方向,被试在学习过程中眼睛移动方向显著地在0。同类朝向方向移动,在部分场景再认任务中,被试在0。-180。轴条件下的反应时显著快于135。-315。轴条件下的部分场景再认反应时。 综合本研究三个实验的结果,可以得出以下主要结论： 一、对称场景中,物体朝向一致性能够影响内在参照方向选择标准。并且成为空间内在参照系的建立标准之一。和场景的内在结构成为参照系的可能性没有显著差异。而且在编码和提取阶段无差异。 二、物体朝向随机条件下,当场景结构对称时,被试在空间记忆的编码阶段会选择场景的对称轴方向建立空间记忆内在参照系来表征场景；空间记忆的提取阶段,被试在选择观察视点和对称轴方向建立空间内在参照的可能性没有差异。 三、单个物体有朝向的条件下,即使对称轴没有被观察到,被试都会选择对称轴方向作为空间记忆内在参照系方向来表征场景,即表现出以对称轴为内在参照方向的内在参照效应,而且这种效应不会受观察视点和物体凸显性(即知觉层面)加工的干扰。 本研究在空间认知的内在参照系理论中引进了物体朝向这一影响因素,本研究的结果为空间场景中多种空间线索的信息整合等问题提供了指导。本研究也验证和发展了McNamara,Mou和Shelton等人所提出的空间记忆的内在参照系表征理论。
[Abstract]:In the field of space memory research, the spatial cognition activity and the spatial ability are important to the individual how to effectively remember the position of the building in the environment and the placement of the daily life articles. Previous studies have discussed the influence factors (environmental factors and self-experience factors) of spatial memory representation, but the research on the effect of object attributes on spatial representation is less. It has been found that there is a high degree of correlation between the orientation of the object towards the consistency and the recognition of the scene. This suggests that the orientation of the object may be one of the determinants of the spatial memory frame of reference. And the previous researches on the cognition of space memory are focused on the problem of how the spatial memory of the irregular scene object is built in the space memory under the condition of uniform and uniform objects. There are few systematic changes to the spatial reference to the diversity combination of the orientation of the object (towards random, orientation, orientation, and non-facing mixing, etc.). Based on the theory of the inner frame of reference of the space memory proposed by Mou (2002) and so on, this study adopted the experimental design based on the whole group, and systematically investigated the orientation of the object in the symmetrical scene, and the object faces the random. The change of the effect of the reference effect and the dependence of the view point is observed under the condition of the single object. The three experimental scenes use 3DMAX to make seven objects, and the position is placed in the Mou (2009) paradigm. It is divided into two stages of learning and testing. The task is to take the local scene to rerecognize the task. The results showed that: (1) The number of eye movements in the learning process was 0. The same orientation and 315. There was no significant difference in the orientation of the same kind, and in some of the scene rerecognition tasks, the participants were in the range of 0.-180. And 135-315. There was no significant difference in the re-recognition of part of the scene under the shaft condition. (2) In a symmetrical scene towards a random object, the object is relative to 315. In the same orientation, the subjects will be significantly at 0 in the course of the study. In the same direction, the participants moved in the direction, and in some of the scene rerecognition tasks, the participants were in the range of 0.-180. And 135-315. There is no significant difference (3) in the partial scene re-recognition reaction under the shaft condition. In the symmetrical scene of the single object orientation, the participants are in the learning process with respect to 315. In that same orientation, the movement of the eye in the course of the study was significantly at 0. In the same kind of direction movement, in the partial scene rerecognition task, the participants are in the range of 0.-180. The reaction under the condition of the shaft was significantly faster than 135-315. When part of the scene under the condition of the shaft rerecognizes the reaction. Based on the results of the three experiments of this study, the following main knots can be obtained A. In a symmetrical scene, the orientation of the object can influence the selection of the inner reference direction. The standard of choice and the establishment of the inner frame of reference in space. Quasi-one. The possibility that the inner structure of the scene becomes the frame of reference is not significant. The difference. And in the coding and extraction phase There is no difference.2. When the scene structure is symmetrical, when the scene structure is symmetrical, the participants will choose the axis of symmetry of the scene in the coding stage of the spatial memory to set up the inner frame of reference to represent the scene, and the spatial memory At the stage of the extraction, the participants can set up a space-based reference in the direction of the observation and the axis of symmetry. There is no difference in sex. Under the condition that a single object is oriented, even if the axis of symmetry is not observed, the subjects will choose the axis of symmetry as the direction of the reference frame of the spatial memory to characterize the scene, that is, the direction of symmetry is the inner reference direction. the intrinsic reference effect and this effect is not subject to the observation of the point of view and the object's saliency (i. e., the perceptual layer), The results of this study are the information of a variety of spatial cues in the spatial scene. The study also verifies and develops the spatial memory of McNamara, Mou and Shelton.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2492146
[Abstract]:In the field of space memory research, the spatial cognition activity and the spatial ability are important to the individual how to effectively remember the position of the building in the environment and the placement of the daily life articles. Previous studies have discussed the influence factors (environmental factors and self-experience factors) of spatial memory representation, but the research on the effect of object attributes on spatial representation is less. It has been found that there is a high degree of correlation between the orientation of the object towards the consistency and the recognition of the scene. This suggests that the orientation of the object may be one of the determinants of the spatial memory frame of reference. And the previous researches on the cognition of space memory are focused on the problem of how the spatial memory of the irregular scene object is built in the space memory under the condition of uniform and uniform objects. There are few systematic changes to the spatial reference to the diversity combination of the orientation of the object (towards random, orientation, orientation, and non-facing mixing, etc.). Based on the theory of the inner frame of reference of the space memory proposed by Mou (2002) and so on, this study adopted the experimental design based on the whole group, and systematically investigated the orientation of the object in the symmetrical scene, and the object faces the random. The change of the effect of the reference effect and the dependence of the view point is observed under the condition of the single object. The three experimental scenes use 3DMAX to make seven objects, and the position is placed in the Mou (2009) paradigm. It is divided into two stages of learning and testing. The task is to take the local scene to rerecognize the task. The results showed that: (1) The number of eye movements in the learning process was 0. The same orientation and 315. There was no significant difference in the orientation of the same kind, and in some of the scene rerecognition tasks, the participants were in the range of 0.-180. And 135-315. There was no significant difference in the re-recognition of part of the scene under the shaft condition. (2) In a symmetrical scene towards a random object, the object is relative to 315. In the same orientation, the subjects will be significantly at 0 in the course of the study. In the same direction, the participants moved in the direction, and in some of the scene rerecognition tasks, the participants were in the range of 0.-180. And 135-315. There is no significant difference (3) in the partial scene re-recognition reaction under the shaft condition. In the symmetrical scene of the single object orientation, the participants are in the learning process with respect to 315. In that same orientation, the movement of the eye in the course of the study was significantly at 0. In the same kind of direction movement, in the partial scene rerecognition task, the participants are in the range of 0.-180. The reaction under the condition of the shaft was significantly faster than 135-315. When part of the scene under the condition of the shaft rerecognizes the reaction. Based on the results of the three experiments of this study, the following main knots can be obtained A. In a symmetrical scene, the orientation of the object can influence the selection of the inner reference direction. The standard of choice and the establishment of the inner frame of reference in space. Quasi-one. The possibility that the inner structure of the scene becomes the frame of reference is not significant. The difference. And in the coding and extraction phase There is no difference.2. When the scene structure is symmetrical, when the scene structure is symmetrical, the participants will choose the axis of symmetry of the scene in the coding stage of the spatial memory to set up the inner frame of reference to represent the scene, and the spatial memory At the stage of the extraction, the participants can set up a space-based reference in the direction of the observation and the axis of symmetry. There is no difference in sex. Under the condition that a single object is oriented, even if the axis of symmetry is not observed, the subjects will choose the axis of symmetry as the direction of the reference frame of the spatial memory to characterize the scene, that is, the direction of symmetry is the inner reference direction. the intrinsic reference effect and this effect is not subject to the observation of the point of view and the object's saliency (i. e., the perceptual layer), The results of this study are the information of a variety of spatial cues in the spatial scene. The study also verifies and develops the spatial memory of McNamara, Mou and Shelton.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3
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