焦虑情绪和时间人格对前瞻记忆的影响
发布时间：2019-06-04 02:54
【摘要】：上世纪60年代末70年代初，人们开始对记忆课题的研究进行反思，似乎觉得长时间对记忆的研究，并没有从实质上解决问题。我们认知过程中的记忆与生活息息相关，但研究结果好像没有直接的指导我们的生活。于是开始有人将注意力从回溯记忆转为前瞻记忆，因为他们认为，前瞻记忆及其遗忘现象更常出现在我们的日常生活中，逐渐的在近年对其的研究成为记忆心理学的热点问题。前瞻记忆是一种在未来某一时间点或者在某一线索出现时需要执行的记忆任务，前瞻记忆任务的遗忘也是我们生活中常见的遗忘现象。EinsteinMeDaniel（1990）依据人们需要在何种情况下启动前瞻记忆任务，将其分为事件性前瞻记忆（event-based prospective memory，ebPM）和时间性前瞻记忆（time-basedprospective memory，，tbPM），这是人们现在最常见的并且普遍认可的前瞻记忆类型。 研究采用双任务范式，考察了由实验本身所引起的焦虑情绪对时间性前瞻记忆和背景任务的影响，并探索了时间管理倾向和时间性前瞻记忆之间的关系。 实验一所采用的设计是2（焦虑启动：是vs否）×2（背景任务难度：难vs易）完全随机实验。将被试随机分成四组，每组的每个被试完成其中的一种处理。启动组中，焦虑情绪在实验的过程中启动，并通过前测和后测的对比来确认焦虑情绪的启动是否成功。实验的结果表明：焦虑情绪的出现会损害背景任务的完成，但背景任务较难时，焦虑情绪促进前瞻记忆任务的完成，体现了焦虑情绪的动机功能。背景任务难度的降低会促进背景任务和时间性前瞻记忆任务的完成。由此可推断，时间性前瞻记忆的加工模型并非前人所提出的自动激活模型，而支持了策略加工的观点，时间性前瞻记忆的完成需要依靠人们策略的、有意识的自我控制和调节，人们从原有的背景任务转移到前瞻记忆任务的过程是需要占用认知资源的。 根据黄希庭等人对时间人格的定义，时间管理倾向是个体在时间管理上的人格特征。前人的研究认为，时间管理倾向作为一种辅助的手段可以有效的提高时间性前瞻记忆的成绩，但这种影响同时也会受到其他因素的制约，如时间估计能力，环境等因素。本研究中的实验二探究了时间管理倾向量表中的各个维度和时间性前瞻记忆成绩之间的关系。相关分析显示，时间效能感、时间监控观以及时间价值感三个维度均与时间性前瞻记忆成绩呈正相关。运用回归统计表明，通过时间管理倾向可以预测前瞻记忆行为。
[Abstract]:In the late 1960s and early 1970s, people began to reflect on the study of memory, and it seemed that the study of memory for a long time did not solve the problem in essence. Memory in our cognitive process is closely related to life, but the results do not seem to directly guide our lives. Therefore, some people begin to change their attention from retrospective memory to prospective memory, because they think that prospective memory and its forgetting phenomenon appear more often in our daily life, and the research on it has gradually become a hot issue in memory psychology in recent years. Prospective memory is a memory task that needs to be performed at a certain point in the future or when a clue appears. The forgetting of prospective memory task is also a common forgetting phenomenon in our lives. Einstein MeDaniel (1990) divides it into event prospective memory (event-based prospective memory,) according to the circumstances under which people need to initiate prospective memory task. EbPM) and temporal prospective memory (time-basedprospective memory,tbPM), which are the most common and widely recognized types of prospective memory. In this study, the influence of anxiety caused by the experiment itself on temporal prospective memory and background task was investigated by using the two-task paradigm, and the relationship between time management tendency and temporal prospective memory was explored. The design of experiment 1 is 2 (anxiety initiation: vs no) 脳 2 (background task difficulty: difficult vs is easy) completely random experiment. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was completed by each of the subjects in each group. In the priming group, anxiety was initiated in the process of the experiment, and the success of the priming of anxiety was confirmed by comparing the pre-test with the post-test. The experimental results show that the emergence of anxiety will damage the completion of background tasks, but when background tasks are difficult, anxiety promotes the completion of prospective memory tasks, which reflects the motivation function of anxiety. The reduction of background task difficulty will promote the completion of background task and temporal prospective memory task. It can be inferred that the processing model of temporal prospective memory is not the automatic activation model proposed by the predecessor, but supports the viewpoint of strategic processing. The completion of temporal prospective memory depends on people's strategic and conscious self-control and regulation. The process of transferring from the original background task to the prospective memory task needs to occupy cognitive resources. According to the definition of time personality by Huang Xiting et al., the tendency of time management is the personality characteristic of individual in time management. Previous studies have shown that time management tendency as an auxiliary means can effectively improve the performance of temporal prospective memory, but this influence will also be restricted by other factors, such as time estimation ability, environment and other factors. The second experiment of this study explored the relationship between the dimensions of the time management tendency scale and the scores of temporal prospective memory. The correlation analysis showed that the three dimensions of time efficacy, time monitoring view and time value sense were positively correlated with the achievement of temporal prospective memory. Regression statistics show that prospective memory behavior can be predicted by time management tendency.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
[Abstract]:In the late 1960s and early 1970s, people began to reflect on the study of memory, and it seemed that the study of memory for a long time did not solve the problem in essence. Memory in our cognitive process is closely related to life, but the results do not seem to directly guide our lives. Therefore, some people begin to change their attention from retrospective memory to prospective memory, because they think that prospective memory and its forgetting phenomenon appear more often in our daily life, and the research on it has gradually become a hot issue in memory psychology in recent years. Prospective memory is a memory task that needs to be performed at a certain point in the future or when a clue appears. The forgetting of prospective memory task is also a common forgetting phenomenon in our lives. Einstein MeDaniel (1990) divides it into event prospective memory (event-based prospective memory,) according to the circumstances under which people need to initiate prospective memory task. EbPM) and temporal prospective memory (time-basedprospective memory,tbPM), which are the most common and widely recognized types of prospective memory. In this study, the influence of anxiety caused by the experiment itself on temporal prospective memory and background task was investigated by using the two-task paradigm, and the relationship between time management tendency and temporal prospective memory was explored. The design of experiment 1 is 2 (anxiety initiation: vs no) 脳 2 (background task difficulty: difficult vs is easy) completely random experiment. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was completed by each of the subjects in each group. In the priming group, anxiety was initiated in the process of the experiment, and the success of the priming of anxiety was confirmed by comparing the pre-test with the post-test. The experimental results show that the emergence of anxiety will damage the completion of background tasks, but when background tasks are difficult, anxiety promotes the completion of prospective memory tasks, which reflects the motivation function of anxiety. The reduction of background task difficulty will promote the completion of background task and temporal prospective memory task. It can be inferred that the processing model of temporal prospective memory is not the automatic activation model proposed by the predecessor, but supports the viewpoint of strategic processing. The completion of temporal prospective memory depends on people's strategic and conscious self-control and regulation. The process of transferring from the original background task to the prospective memory task needs to occupy cognitive resources. According to the definition of time personality by Huang Xiting et al., the tendency of time management is the personality characteristic of individual in time management. Previous studies have shown that time management tendency as an auxiliary means can effectively improve the performance of temporal prospective memory, but this influence will also be restricted by other factors, such as time estimation ability, environment and other factors. The second experiment of this study explored the relationship between the dimensions of the time management tendency scale and the scores of temporal prospective memory. The correlation analysis showed that the three dimensions of time efficacy, time monitoring view and time value sense were positively correlated with the achievement of temporal prospective memory. Regression statistics show that prospective memory behavior can be predicted by time management tendency.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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