20世纪50年代至21世纪初美国心理史学的理论与实践

发布时间：2019-06-27 15:41

【摘要】：美国心理史学兴起于20世纪中叶，在80年代迎来创作高峰，它试图通过心理学的方法认识历史，总结出一套有关人类社会的发展规律，对跨学科历史研究做出了重大贡献。其中劳埃德·德莫斯在构建心理史学理论以及心理史学创作的具体实践上都发挥了重要作用，提出了一套由“童年历史——个体心理——群体心理——自然现实”循环组成的历史观。本文结合美国心理史学的几部重要著作以及若干重要论文，从美国心理史学的理论来源入手，就其历史渊源、理论基础和演变过程以及对当代新史学的影响进行分析。文章的主要线索即美国心理史学发展的时间脉络。文章分为七个部分，，序言部分主要说明论文选题的缘由和意义、国内外研究综述、论文的相关核心概念界定等。而最后的附录部分，则是就有关心理史学或心理学的专业术语进行解释，方便读者阅读。第一章讨论20世纪50年代至60年代的美国心理史学，表现为美国心理史学的兴起阶段。重点讨论美国心理史学的理论来源，其中包括菲利普·阿里耶斯与爱丽丝·米勒的童年历史研究，埃里克森的心理传记学研究以及新精神分析学所强调的群体潜意识等为美国心理史学带来的新变化。第二章讨论20世纪70年代至80年代的美国心理史学，表现为美国心理史学学派的形成阶段。强调劳埃德·德莫斯对心理史学完整的理论建构，即童年历史，心理传记学和群体心理史学三大研究领域的奠基。同时介绍德莫斯的心理史学实践成果，重点介绍了《心理史学基础》与《国家情绪生活》两本著作，总结了德莫斯心理史学的主要观点。第三章讨论20世纪80年代初到20世纪末的美国心理史学，表现为美国心理史学的徘徊期。美国心理史学遭遇众多学派的挑战，其中包括来自其他社会科学的外部攻击，以及来自于历史学内部同行的非难。同时心理史学也在论战中继续完善理论，发展组织，并在其传统的三大研究领域，即童年历史，心理传记学和群体心理史学方面取得不同程度的研究突破。第四章讨论21世纪至今的美国心理史学，这部分是本文重点讨论的内容，首先讨论新世纪的心理史学家如何就恐怖主义、宗教迷信等问题展开研究与实践。随后展示美国心理史学在传统三大研究领域的新理论与新成果。第五章则对美国心理史学进行思考，首先对心理史学学科的大前提进行思考，然后递进到两个层次的思考，即对以埃里克森为首的传统美国心理史学的思考以及对德莫斯为代表的美国新心理史学的思考。从批判的角度对美国心理史学做总体认知。
[Abstract]:American psychological historiography rose in the middle of the 20th century and ushered in the peak of creation in the 1980s. It tried to understand history through psychological methods, summed up a set of laws related to the development of human society, and made great contributions to interdisciplinary historical research. Lloyd de Moss played an important role in the construction of psychological historiography theory and the concrete practice of psychological historiography creation, and put forward a set of historical views composed of "childhood history-individual psychology-group psychology-natural reality" cycle. Based on several important works and papers of American psychological historiography, this paper analyzes its historical origin, theoretical basis and evolution process, as well as its influence on contemporary new historiography, starting with the theoretical source of American psychological historiography. The main clue of the article is the time context of the development of American psychological historiography. The article is divided into seven parts, the preface mainly explains the reason and significance of the topic selection, the summary of research at home and abroad, the definition of the related core concepts of the paper and so on. The last appendix is to explain the professional terms of psychological historiography or psychology to facilitate readers to read. The first chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from 1950 s to 1960 s, which shows the rise stage of American psychological historiography. This paper focuses on the theoretical sources of American psychological historiography, including the study of childhood history by Philip Aries and Alice Miller, the study of psychological biography by Eriksson and the group subconscious consciousness emphasized by the new psychoanalysis, which have brought about new changes in American psychological historiography. The second chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from 1970s to 1980s, which is manifested in the formation stage of American psychological historiography school. This paper emphasizes Lloyd de Moss's complete theoretical construction of psychological historiography, that is, childhood history, psychological biography and group psychological historiography. At the same time, this paper introduces the practical achievements of Demos' psychological historiography, with emphasis on "the basis of Psychological historiography" and "National emotional Life", and sums up the main viewpoints of Demos Psychological historiography. The third chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from the early 1980s to the end of the 20th century, which is manifested in the wandering period of American psychological historiography. American psychological historiography has been challenged by many schools, including external attacks from other social sciences and criticism from its internal counterparts in history. At the same time, psychological historiography also continues to improve the theory and develop the organization in the debate, and has made different degrees of research breakthroughs in its three traditional research fields, namely, childhood history, psychological biography and group psychological historiography. The fourth chapter discusses the American psychological historiography from the 21st century to the present, which is the focus of this paper. First of all, it discusses how psychological historians in the new century carry out research and practice on terrorism, religious superstition and other issues. Then it shows the new theories and achievements of American psychological historiography in the three traditional research fields. The fifth chapter thinks about American psychological historiography, first of all, thinking about the premise of psychological historiography, and then moving forward to two levels of thinking, that is, the thinking of traditional American psychological historiography led by Eriksson and the thinking of the new American psychological historiography represented by Demos. This paper makes an overall understanding of American psychological historiography from a critical point of view.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B84-09

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