国家实验室建设的理论与实践初探

发布时间：2018-03-20 21:42

本文选题：国家实验室　切入点：行动者网络　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今世界,国家的竞争力越来越依赖于原始性创新而产生颠覆性技术及其产业化。科学探索对大型科学仪器设施及团队协作的依赖越来越强,使得科学进入了大规模、高投入、跨学科的大科学时代。二战以后不论在自由市场还是计划经济的背景下,根据国家在军事和经济上的重大需求,由国家组织建设大型科学基础设施,进而建构大规模、跨学科的科学研究中心或国家实验室,成为一种对于国家经济与社会均具有战略意义的制度安排。“十八大”以来中国国家实验室建设已经作为创新驱动发展战略和建设科技强国的重要“抓手”,对其展开理论与实践的探索具有重要的理论和现实意义。通过对国外国家实验室建设和发展经验的研究,以及中国国立研究机构的早期发展进行梳理,运用行动者网络的概念和方法对国家实验室进行了初步探讨,并对“哈长”地区国家实验室建设的必要性和可能性进行分析。研究发现,国家实验室在不同的国家采取的方式尽管不尽相同,但均具有以国家目标为导向、以大科学装置为依托、多学科、跨学科领域协同创新的共性特征。从行动者网络的视角看,国家实验室是一个由政府、大学和研究机构、大型科学装置、企业和社会资本以等人类与非人类行动者建构的行动者网络。在中国的政策语境下,未来中国的国家实验室应该具有国家目标导向的跨学科原始创新平台、国际化的科学研究平台(或中心)、协同创新平台、科学实验与数据共享平台以及人才招募和聚集平台的功能。哈长城市群建设作为国家“一带一路”战略的重要部分,要打造东北亚最具核心竞争力和重要影响力的城市群、成为东北老工业基地的重要增长极,必须依靠重大科技创新和战略新兴产业。政府首先要辨识到创办国家实验室带来的机遇,循序渐进地展开国家实验室的建设;城市、高校、研究机构展开协作,形成多学科、跨部门的科技资源共享平台;依托区域内大科学装置的建造,打造国际化科研特区和生活社区,最终形成以大型科学装置为基础的国家实验室。并与区域内其他各类科研机构、大学、企业研发机构等形成功能互补、良性互动的协同创新格局。
[Abstract]:In today's world, the competitiveness of a country is becoming more and more dependent on primitive innovation, which results in disruptive technology and its industrialization. Scientific exploration relies more and more on large-scale scientific instruments and teamwork, which makes science enter into a large scale and high investment. After World War II, under the background of free market or planned economy, according to the great military and economic needs of the country, the state organized the construction of large-scale scientific infrastructure, and then constructed a large scale. Interdisciplinary scientific research centres or national laboratories, It has become a kind of system arrangement of strategic significance for national economy and society. Since the "18" Congress, the construction of Chinese national laboratory has become an important "grasping hand" for the strategy of innovation-driven development and the construction of a powerful country in science and technology. The exploration of theory and practice is of great theoretical and practical significance. As well as the early development of Chinese national research institutions, the concept and method of actor network are used to preliminarily discuss the national laboratory. It also analyzes the necessity and possibility of the construction of national laboratories in the "Kazakh" region. The study shows that although the methods adopted by national laboratories in different countries are different, they are all guided by national objectives. The common features of collaborative innovation in a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary field based on large scientific devices. From the perspective of a network of actors, the National Laboratory is a large scientific installation by governments, universities and research institutions, Enterprise and social capital are based on the network of actors constructed by human and non-human actors. In the context of China's policy, the future national laboratory of China should have an interdisciplinary original innovation platform oriented by national goals. The function of internationalized scientific research platform (or center), collaborative innovation platform, scientific experiment and data sharing platform and talent recruitment and agglomeration platform. To create the most core competitiveness and important influence of Northeast Asia's urban agglomeration, become an important growth pole of the old industrial base in Northeast Asia. We must rely on major scientific and technological innovations and strategic emerging industries. The government must first identify the opportunities brought about by the establishment of national laboratories and carry out the construction of national laboratories step by step; cities, colleges and universities, and research institutions should collaborate to form a multi-disciplinary system. A platform for sharing scientific and technological resources across departments; building international scientific research zones and living communities, relying on the construction of large scientific facilities in the region; and finally forming a national laboratory based on large scientific devices, and with other kinds of scientific research institutions in the region, Universities, enterprises, R & D institutions and other forms of complementary functions, benign interaction of collaborative innovation pattern.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G322.2

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