TPP与TTIP：动因、影响及中国的应对

发布时间：2018-03-21 14:07

  本文选题：TPP　切入点：TTIP　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的脚步的加快,特别是进入21世纪以后,在各种力量的博弈下,国际政治经济格局正经历着动荡和重组,新的国际经济关系正处在蕴育和调整之中。长期以来,WTO一直是全球最主要、最有效的贸易合作机制,由于WTO的高速发展,使得世界各国都希望能够借助WTO的平台实现贸易自由和取消多边的贸易限制,利用分工合作的模式进行资源和信息的共享,并最终获得共赢的目的。然而,随着世贸组织在全球贸易治理中的核心地位持续萎缩,同时WTO体制的发展进入瓶颈期,多哈回合谈判的停滞,使得部分发达国家和发展中国家的矛盾变得突出而尖锐。在一些具体问题上无法达成共识,致使各成员国参与国际协商和谈判的热情不断退怯,造成更多的贸易阻碍和协商的失败。虽然以WTO为代表的多边主义是冷战后国际经济关系的基石,但是多边贸易危机的时代已然开启,不少国家都在寻求淡出全球性的协定,寻找其他的合作途径。在这种发展趋势下,各种双边贸易合作或是区域性的贸易合作不断涌现,使得世界贸易出现新的格局。在经济危机、欧债危机等直接因素的推动下,美国政府积极推动建设与亚太地区的TPP协定和与欧盟的TTIP协定。金融危机和欧债危机给发达国家造成了恐慌,信用受到损害,美欧国家必然急切寻找出路,通过双边主义、区域主义建立新的进入他国市场的渠道。特别是美国为了自身的利益最大化,欲在全世界范围内建立属于自己的经济和信用体系,TPP和TTIP就是美国在亚太地区和欧洲主导的贸易体系平台。TPP的全称是“跨太平洋伙伴关系协议”,最初是由亚太地区的新加坡、新西兰、智利和文莱四个小国组成的多边贸易合作伙伴协议,之后演变成由美国领导和组织的TPP贸易平台,实际是美国确立在亚太地区的贸易主导地位的重要安排,也是美国“重返亚太”战略的一部分。TTIP的全称是“跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系协定”,是以美国和欧盟为主导的贸易与投资谈判协定,该谈判协定如果成功将成为全球最大的区域贸易组织,具有很大的影响力。美国对于TPP和TTIP的谈判一直都在紧锣密鼓的进行着,为了其在世界的主导地位而孜孜不倦。TPP谈判结束后,美国政府已将主要精力放在了TTIP的谈判中,希望在奥巴马任期内达成。如果TTIP谈判也顺利完成,美国将成为全球最大的贸易合作关系的主导者,同时在整个全球范围内引领最大范围的区域贸易合作成员,也将是获得利益最多的成员国。TPP和TTIP的特点是谈判涵盖范围广,标准高,规则严,对内开放对外排斥,代表着目前全球贸易协定的最高水平,很可能将成为世界贸易的新标准。TPP和TTIP的建立必定会给以美国为主的国家带来巨大的经济贸易福利,但对于中国等新兴国家和经济体而言更多的是遏制和制衡。为了避免TPP和TTIP带来的负面效应,中国必须结合自身的经济贸易的发展需求,推出属于自己的贸易合作组织、贸易规则和伙伴关系计划,积极推动“一带一路”和亚投行的建设；特别需要加强与东盟、日韩的交流与合作,大力支持RCEP和中日韩自贸区的发展,维护东亚一体化进程；积极促进新型贸易协定和合作组织的运行,在合作方式和水平上不断提高。本文根据作者目前能够搜集的TPP、TTIP等贸易组织协定的资料,全方位的进行对比分析。针对当前国际贸易局势做出具有一定新意的研究,对于美欧、东亚或是中国等产生的影响进行了详细论述。有关TPP和TTIP在谈判过程中遇到的障碍,最终文本的规则安排、标准制度和促进中国经济改革的论述,也对中国今后改革发展路径具有参考和借鉴作用。对于文章主题的具体阐述,本论文总共分7个部分。第一部分是论文的绪论部分,主要阐述论文的研究背景、研究意义、研究现状、研究内容和方法以及创新和不足,为后文的论述提供铺垫。第二部分是对TPP的由来、发展历程、阻碍、谈判的内容及结果等方面进行阐述。第三部分是TTIP的内容、起源、分歧和前景估计。第四部分阐述TPP和TTIP谈判启动的主要动因,并对美国介入并主导TPP和TTIP谈判的背景以及战略意图进行论述。主要是美国加入TPP的背景、美国加入TPP的战略意图、美国推行TPP经济战略的主要特点与步骤和美欧积极推动TTIP的预期收益与战略意图等。第五部分对TPP和TTIP进行比较研究和影响分析。主要包括TPP和TTIP的内容比较,TPP和TTIP对世界贸易的影响、对中国的影响。第六部分论述中国应该如何应对TPP和TTIP。第七部分是结论,对全文的主旨进行总结。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of economic globalization, especially after entering twenty-first Century, the forces of the game, the international political and economic situation is experiencing turmoil and restructuring, new international economic relations are in development and adjustments. For a long time, WTO has been the main global trade cooperation mechanism, the most effective, because of the rapid development WTO, makes all countries hope to use the WTO platform to achieve the free trade and the abolition of multilateral trade restrictions, sharing resources and information utilization division mode, and ultimately win. However, as the core of the WTO in the global trade governance continues to shrink, while the development of WTO system into the bottleneck the Doha round of negotiations, stagnation, the contradiction between some developed countries and developing countries become prominent and sharp. In some specific issues were not reached In general, each member country to participate in international consultations and negotiations of enthusiasm continue to retreat, resulting in more trade barriers and negotiation failure. Although the WTO as the representative of multilateralism is the cornerstone of international economic relations after the cold war, but the multilateral trade crisis era has been opened, many countries are seeking out a global agreement, looking for cooperation other ways. In this trend, a variety of bilateral trade cooperation or regional trade cooperation continue to emerge, the emergence of new pattern of world trade. In the economic crisis, the European debt crisis and other factors to promote directly under the government of the United States in the Asia Pacific region and actively promote the construction of the TPP agreement and the TTIP agreement with the EU. The financial crisis and the European debt crisis caused panic to the developed countries, credit is compromised, the United States and Europe must be eager to find a way through the establishment of new regionalism, bilateralism, enter He's market channels. Especially in the United States in order to maximize their own interests, to establish their own economic and credit system in the world, TPP and TTIP is led by the United States in the Asia Pacific region and Europe trading system platform.TPP is the name of "trans Pacific Partnership Agreement", was originally developed by the Asia Pacific region Singapore, New Zealand, multilateral trade partnership agreement in Chile and Brunei four small components, later evolved into the TPP trade platform of American leadership and organization, is established in the United States in the Asia Pacific region leading to trade arrangements, but also the United States to return to Asia "strategy is a part of the full name of.TTIP is" cross the the Atlantic trade and investment partnership agreement ", is the United States and the European Union as the leading trade negotiations and investment agreements, the agreement negotiations if successful will become the world's largest regional trade easy Organization has great influence. The negotiations for TPP and TTIP have been carried out in order to wildly beating gongs and drums, its leading position in the world and the end of.TPP diligently negotiations, the U.S. government has focused on the TTIP negotiations, in the hope that Obama Ren period reached. If the TTIP negotiations are completed successfully the United States, will become the leading one of the world's largest trade cooperation relations, the largest range of regional trade cooperation members and lead in the whole world, also will be the most characteristic interest members.TPP and TTIP are negotiating covering a wide range of high standards, strict rules, opening up the rejection of, on behalf of the highest level of the current global trade agreement, will likely become the new standard of the establishment of the world trade.TPP and TTIP will bring huge economic benefits to the United States trade oriented country, but for the In China and other emerging countries and economies are more containment and balance. In order to avoid the negative effects of TPP and TTIP, China must be combined with their own development needs of the economy and trade, launched their own trade cooperation organization, trade rules and partnership, and actively promote the construction of "Belt and Road Initiative and investment bank; especially need to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with ASEAN, Japan and South Korea, and vigorously support the development of RCEP and the FTA, maintain the East Asian integration process; actively promote the new trade agreement and cooperation organization operation, constantly improve the cooperation mode and level. The author is currently able to collect the TPP, TTIP and other WTO agreements. Comparison of comprehensive analysis. In view of the current international trade situation made some innovative research for the United States and Europe, East Asia or China produced by the impact Detailed discussion about TPP and TTIP. The obstacles encountered in the process of negotiations, arrange the final text of the rules, standard system and promote Chinese economic reform discussion, also has reference and reference to the reform and development in the future. Chinese path expounds the topic, this thesis is divided into 7 parts. The first part is the introduction this thesis, mainly expounds the research background, research significance, research status, research contents and methods, innovation and deficiencies, to pave the way for the following discussion. The second part is the origin of the TPP development process, obstacles, negotiations and results and other aspects. The third part is the contents of the TTIP origin estimation, differences and prospects. The fourth part describes the main reason of TPP and TTIP to start negotiations, and the intervention of the United States and leading TPP and TTIP negotiation background and strategic intention are discussed. And if the United States Join the TPP background, intention of the United States to join the TPP strategy, the implementation of the United States TPP economic strategy and the main features of the steps and the United States and Europe to actively promote TTIP expected return and strategic intentions. The fifth part is the analysis and comparative study of the effects on TPP and TTIP. Including TPP and TTIP, TPP and TTIP on the impact of world trade the impact on the China. The sixth part discusses the Chinese should be how to deal with TPP and TTIP. the seventh part is the conclusion, summarizes the main points of the article.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F744
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本文编号：1644183