寻找“更有利的法”:比较型冲突规范的司法困境及出路

发布时间：2018-04-24 21:24

本文选题：司法规避 + 事实上废除　；参考：《现代法学》2017年05期

【摘要】：2011年,中国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》引入了"有利条款"。六年多来,这种比较型冲突规范因其迥异的适用逻辑和比较法气质,在实践中遭遇了司法规避,至今未见严格准确适用"有利条款"的司法案例。司法困境的原因何在?走出困境只能仰赖立法修改乃至废除"有利条款"吗?通过对"有利条款"的历史溯源和实践中的裁判逻辑进行分析,可以发现司法困境既存在立法论根源,又存在司法技术阙如的问题。通过对现有案例进行法教义学梳理和分析,再通过设计和评析虚拟案例的方法,可以发现,在司法实践中准确适用"有利条款"具有可行性,并不存在实质性的障碍,至少能在个案层面上建立清晰、具有可操作性的裁判规则。法官不应以司法规避放弃裁判的职责。寻找"更有利的法",就是寻找更睿智的法官。在司法实践中积极适用"有利原则"具有重要的理论价值,有助于从中观层面上发展比较法理论。在中国深化对外开放和建设"一带一路"的背景下,同样别具实践价值。
[Abstract]:In 2011, China's applicable Law on Foreign-related Civil Relations introduced favorable clauses. For more than six years, this kind of comparative conflict norm has encountered judicial circumvention in practice because of its completely different applied logic and comparative law temperament, and has not yet seen judicial cases of strict and accurate application of "favorable clauses". What are the reasons for the judicial dilemma? Do we have to rely on legislation to amend or even repeal the "favorable clauses"? By analyzing the historical origin of "favorable clause" and the judgment logic in practice, it can be found that the judicial dilemma has both the source of legislation theory and the lack of judicial technology. By combing and analyzing the existing cases, designing and evaluating the virtual cases, we can find that it is feasible to apply the "favorable clauses" in the judicial practice, and there are no substantial obstacles. At least it can establish clear and operable judging rules at the case level. A judge should not abdicate his duties as a judge by circumventing justice. To look for a more advantageous law is to find a wiser judge. The positive application of "favorable principle" in judicial practice has important theoretical value and helps to develop the theory of comparative law on the meso level. Under the background of deepening China's opening to the outside world and building Belt and Road, it also has practical value.
【作者单位】：华南理工大学法学院;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“法治为何失败:比较视野下的概念化、类型学和机制研究”(2015M582374) 2014年度国家社科基金重大项目“法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设进程中的地方实践研究”(14ZDC007)
【分类号】：D997

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