维吾尔语中的波斯语、阿拉伯语借词研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 10:32

本文选题：维吾尔语 + 波斯语　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：借词是语言接触的产物。自上个世纪70年代,语言接触就一直是国际语言学界研究的热点。维吾尔语、波斯语、阿拉伯语以及其他采用阿拉伯字母的语言之间也常常被进行比较。在维吾尔族的历史上,纳瓦依撰写的《两种语言之辩》开启了维吾尔语与波斯语对比的先河；随着中国“一带一路”战略的推广,中国也越发重视同周边国家的交流。新疆地处亚洲的中心,有着地理和政策的优势,于是维吾尔语的重要性也越发凸显。要想继续发展维吾尔语必须要了解这个语言的历史,纵观维吾尔语的历史,借词在其中占据了不可撼动的地位。现代维吾尔语受到了波斯语与阿拉伯语的影响,本论文把维吾尔语受到的波斯语与阿拉伯语的影响作为本论文的研究的基础。任何一种语言与其他语言的接触,都是两个民族在历史上政治、经济、文化各方面接触的表现形式,所以本论文将维吾尔语言中的波斯语与阿拉伯语借词作为切入点,首先把逐步挖掘三个民族之间的语言与历史影响作为入手点,从语言的相同和差异与语言基本形成历史变化角度入手,探讨了三门语言的体系和特征；对于每一种语言中每一个小的特点都不忽略,深度挖掘了每一门语言在每个历史阶段的特征,以及影响这门语言的所有因素。为了证明维吾尔语中的波斯语借词与阿拉伯语借词的区别,通过查看和比较每一门语言的文献、历史材料等,发现每一种语言在漫长历史中通过接触和融合,和其它民族、远离本民族在其历史阶段产生了变化,有些文化保留了一些各自民族的独立特征。作者精通波斯语和阿拉伯语,在中国求学期间学习了维吾尔语。作者在学习维吾尔语的过程中发现了这三种语言虽然属于不同语系,但是在词汇上却有很多共同部分,由此引发了对比维吾尔语中的借词的想法。中国国内之前已经有部分关于维吾尔语同波斯语、维吾尔语同阿拉伯语的对比,但是其中很多缺乏对于波斯语或者阿拉伯语足够的认识,因此在语料方面总显得捉襟见肘。为了补充波斯语和阿拉伯语语料的不足,作者特撰写这篇论文,希望能为这三种语言的对比增加一点语料。绪论阐述了维吾尔语借词诞生的缘由以及中国及其他国家相关的研究。本文总共分为四章。第一章介绍了维吾尔语、波斯语和阿拉伯语各自音系学概况,结合这些概况分析三种语言的相似与不同,从而得到判断借词的简单方法；第二章和第三章分别详细从音系学、语义学和形态学的角度介绍了维吾尔语中波斯语和阿拉伯语的概况。第四章从语言接触的角度阐述了中伊两国友好交往的历史,也从文化的角度阐释了借词在文化学中的重要地位,从而进一步增加了本课题的意义。本文在附录中提供了作者收集整理的波斯语、阿拉伯语词汇,为维吾尔语同波斯语和阿拉伯语的比较提供较为丰富的语料和方法。本文通过丰富的历史背景,综合分析了三种语言使用的历史概况,增加了本文的可读性和趣味性。本文认为,维吾尔语中的借词现象证明了维吾尔语强大的语言活力,证明了维吾尔族人民积极吸收接纳其他民族优秀文化的优良品质。在“一带一路”新的环境下,希望本文能为两国关系的加深以及两国多方面合作提供参考。
[Abstract]:Loanwords are the product of language contact. Language contact has been a hot spot of international linguistics since the 70s of the last century. Uygur, Persian, Arabic, and other languages that use the letters of Arabia are often compared. In the history of Uygur, Nawai's debate on the two languages opened the dimension of Uygur. Where the first Persian language and contrast; with the promotion of "Chinese Belt and Road Initiative" strategy, Chinese also paid more and more attention with the surrounding countries exchanges. Xinjiang is located in the center of Asia, has a geographical advantage and policy, so the importance of the Uyghur language are also increasingly prominent. In order to continue the development of Uyghur language must understand the language the calendar The modern Uygur language has been influenced by the Persian and Arabic languages. This paper takes the influence of the Uygur language and Arabic as the basis for the study of this thesis. The contact between any language and other languages is the two people. In the history of political, economic, and cultural contact, this paper takes the Persian and Arabic borrowings in the Uygur language as a breakthrough point. First, it begins with the gradual excavation of the language and historical influence between the three nationalities, from the angle of linguistic similarities and differences and the basic formation of language. Hand, the system and characteristics of the three languages are explored; for each small feature in each language, the characteristics of each language at each historical stage and all the factors affecting the language are deeply excavated. In order to prove the difference between the Uygur language and the Arabic borrowings in the Uygur language, through view and comparison. Compared with the literature of each language, historical materials, and so on, it is found that every language has changed through contact and integration in the long history, and other nationalities, away from the nation in its historical stage, and some cultures retain the independent characteristics of some ethnic groups. The author is proficient in Persian and Arabic, and learned VUI during the Chinese study. In the course of learning Uygur, the author found that although these three languages belong to different languages, there are many common parts in the vocabulary, which leads to the contrast of the loanwords in the Uygur language. In China, some of the Uygur language, the Uygur language and the Arabic, have been compared. Many of them lack sufficient understanding of the Persian or Arabic language, so they seem to be too short in the corpus. In order to supplement the lack of Persian and Arabic language, the author writes this paper, hoping to add a little corpus to the comparison of the three languages. This article is divided into four chapters. This article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the general situation of the Uygur, Persian and Arabic phonology, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the three languages, and the simple methods to judge the loanwords; the second and the third chapters are in detail from phonology, semantics and The fourth chapter expounds the history of the friendly exchanges between China and the two countries from the perspective of language contact, and explains the important position of the loanwords in culture from the angle of culture, thus further increasing the significance of the subject. This article provides the author in the appendix. The collated Persian language, the Arabic vocabulary, provides a rich corpus and method for the comparison of the Uygur language with the Persian and Arabic languages. Through the rich historical background, this article comprehensively analyzes the historical situation of the use of the three languages, and increases the readability and interest of this article. This article holds that the loanword phenomenon in Uygur language is proved to be the evidence. Clear language Uyghur strong vitality, that Uygur people actively absorbing the excellent quality of other national culture. "The Belt and Road" in the new environment, I hope this paper can provide a reference for the deepening of bilateral relations between the two countries and the aspects of cooperation.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H215

【参考文献】