墨子政治伦理思想的当代价值新探

发布时间：2018-06-01 15:00

本文选题：墨子 + 政治伦理　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国传统伦理思想是中华民族优秀文化的重要组成部分。它的一个重要特点是伦理思想与政治思想互为一体。即政治是具有伦理色彩的政治,伦理是以政治原则为中心的伦理。历史上的思想家、政治家在阐发政治思想时,往往与伦理思想结合在一起。他们以伦理思想为价值规范,以政治思想为理想追求,形成了独具特色的中国政治伦理思想。即以伦理准则规范人生,以政治理想变革社会,最后归结到治国平天下。政治是指人们以一定的社会经济为基础,围绕特定的利益,依靠社会公共权力来实现特定利益的一种社会关系。伦理是调节人与人、人与自然,以及人与社会之间相互关系的各种道德标准。伦理是由一定的社会经济关系所决定,是一种社会意识形态,属于上层建筑。伦理在本质上是一定的社会经济关系的善恶反映。政治伦理是人们政治生活中重要的价值规范,对一个国家的政治有着重要的影响。从广义上讲,政治伦理是指调整人与人、人与国家和人与社会之间政治关系的道德规范墨子是春秋战国时期一位伟大的思想家。墨子结合春秋战国时期的社会背景,提出了自己的一套政治伦理思想。墨子的政治伦理思想以尧舜禹古文化为思想来源,深受儒家文化的影响,封建制小农经济是其产生的经济基础,社会混乱,诸侯争霸是其产生的政治基础。墨子的政治伦理思想由以“兼爱”为核心的价值规范和以“尚贤”、“尚同”等为主要内容的实践理念构成。价值规范主要包括:“兼爱”思想、“非攻”思想和“兴利”思想;“兼爱”是平等的爱,是爱无差等,是一种人间大爱。“兼爱”是对“仁爱”的超越,具有超前性。“非攻”反对战争,主张用和平的方法解决问题。“兴利”是“兴天下之利,除天下之害”,要求统治者要维护人民的利益。实践理念主要包括:“尚贤”思想、“尚同”思想、“节用”思想、“节葬”思想、“非乐”思想和“法仪”思想。“尚贤”主张任人唯贤,打破等级观念,国家要由贤者当政,这样才能实现对国家的有效治理。“尚同”要求建立坚强的中央政府,维护国家统一。“节用”和“节葬”要求节约资源,反对浪费,减轻人民的负担。“非乐”要求杜绝统治者的音乐享乐,过度的音乐享乐会加重百姓负担,影响农业生产。“法仪”要求天下要有统一的准则,治理国家还要依靠法的力量。其内容有丰富的积极意义,“兼爱”思想有利于实现人类平等,促进社会和谐;“尚贤”思想有利于选拔优秀人才,给国家提供人才保证;“尚同”思想有利于维护国家的统一,保持社会稳定;“节用”、“节葬”和“非乐”思想有利于减少浪费,预防腐败;“法仪”思想有利于社会法制建设等。但是也有消极影响,主要体现在阶级局限性和时代局限性,例如:“兼爱”不符合当时的社会条件,“节葬”触犯了统治阶级的利益等。墨子政治伦理思想的主要特点是:具有典型的平等主义,以“兼爱”为主要表现,主张人们互利互爱,反映了人民渴望平等的愿望;明显的现实主义,“兼爱”、“尚贤”和“尚同”等思想根植于当时的社会现实,也是为了解决当时的社会问题;浓厚的宗教色彩,“兼爱”和佛家的“普度众生”有相似之处,“天志”和“鬼神”也带有宗教特征;突出的实用主义,“兼爱”是为了实现社会稳定和人与人之间的和谐,“节用”是为了减少浪费,减轻人民负担等,这些思想在实际生活中都有很好的实用价值。深入学习和研究墨子的政治伦理思想,对于全面建成小康社会和世界共同繁荣有着重要的现实意义。主要体现在:“兼爱”思想有助于全面优化改革,协调各个行业的利益关系,促进经济发展;有助于“一带一路”的实施,促进世界各国的共同发展。尤其是在当今世界局势突变,利益纷繁复杂的背景下,就更应该倡导“兼爱”思想。“尚同”思想有助于全面依法治国和全面从严治党,这对于维护国家的统一,树立核心意识,加强全党的团结具有重要影响。“尚贤”思想有助于建成创新型国家,对于培养创新人才和选拔创新人才有积极的参考。
[Abstract]:Chinese traditional ethical thought is an important part of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. One of its important features is the integration of ethics and political ideas. That is, politics is a politics with ethical color, ethics is the ethics centered on political principles. In history, the thinker and the politician tend to think about the political thought and tend to be ethical thinking. They want to combine together. They form the unique Chinese political ethics thought with the ethical thought as the value norm and the ideal pursuit of political thought. That is, to standardize the life of the Chinese political ethics, that is, to standardize the life with the ethical standards, to change the society with the political ideal, and finally to the rule of state and the world. A social relationship that relies on social public power to achieve specific interests. Ethics is a variety of moral standards that regulate the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and between man and society. Ethics is determined by a certain social and economic relationship and is a social ideology belonging to the superstructure. Ethics is essentially a certain social classics. The good and evil reflection of the economic relations. Political ethics is an important value norm in people's political life. It has an important influence on the politics of a country. In a broad sense, political ethics refers to the moral norms of adjusting people and people, people and the state and between people and society. Mo-tse is a great thinker in the period of the spring and autumn and Warring States period. According to the social background of the period of the Warring States period and the Warring States period, a set of political ethics thought was put forward. Mo-tse's political ethics thought was based on Yao, Shun and Yu ancient culture, influenced by the Confucian culture, the feudal small-scale peasant economy was the economic foundation, the social chaos and the hegemony of the feudal lords were the political basis of the political ethics. Mo-tse's political ethics was the political ethics. Thought is composed of the value norm centered on "concurrent love" and the practical idea of "Shang Xian" and "still the same" as the main content. The value norm mainly includes: "both love" thought, "non attack" thought and "Xing Li" thought; "love" is equal love, love is no difference, is a kind of human love. "Love" is "benevolence". The transcendence is advanced. The "non offensive" against the war and the peaceful means to solve the problem. "Xing Li" is "the interest of the world, except for the world", and the rulers are required to maintain the interests of the people. The practical ideas mainly include the idea of "Shang Xian", "still the same" thought, "saving" thought, "burial" thought, "non music" thought. Thinking and "legal instrument" thought. "Shang Xian" advocated the appointment of virtuous people, break the concept of rank, the state should be taken up with the virtuous, in order to realize the effective governance of the state. "Shang Tong" requires the establishment of a strong central government and the maintenance of national unity. "Saving" and "burial" require saving resources, opposing waste and reducing the burden of the people. " "To eliminate the musical enjoyment of the rulers, the excessive enjoyment of music will aggravate the burden of the people and affect the agricultural production." the instrument "requires a unified rule and the power of the state to rely on the law. Its content has a rich positive significance, and the thought of" concurrently love "is beneficial to the realization of human equality and social harmony; and" Shang Xian "thought. It is beneficial to select outstanding talents and provide national talent guarantee; the idea of "Shang Tong" is conducive to maintaining the unity of the country and maintaining social stability; "saving up", "burial" and "non music" ideas are beneficial to reducing waste and preventing corruption; the thought of "legality" is beneficial to the construction of social legal system, but it also has negative effects, mainly reflected in it. The limitation of class and the limitation of the times, for example, "concurrently love" does not conform to the social conditions at that time, and the "burial" has violated the interests of the ruling class. The main characteristics of Mo-tse's political ethics are the typical egalitarianism, "concurrently love" as the main manifestation, the mutual love and love of the people, and the desire for the people's desire for equality; The obvious realism, "concurrently love", "Shang Xian" and "Shang Tong" are rooted in the social reality at that time, as well as to solve the social problems at that time. The strong religious color, "concurrently love" and the Buddha's "all living beings" have similarities, and the "heaven" and "ghost" also have religious characteristics; the outstanding pragmatism, "concurrently love" "In order to achieve social stability and harmony between people and people," saving "is to reduce waste and reduce the burden of the people. These ideas have good practical value in real life. It is of great practical significance to study and study Mo-tse's political and ethical thoughts in order to build a well-off society and the common prosperity of the world in an all-round way. Mainly reflected in: the idea of "universal love" helps to fully optimize the reform, coordinating the interests of all sectors, and promote economic development; the implementation of help "The Belt and Road", promote the common development of all countries in the world. Especially the mutation in today's world situation, the interests of the complicated background, it should be advocated the idea of "universal love" is ". The idea of "the same" helps to rule the country by law and to strictly control the party, which has an important influence on maintaining the unity of the country, setting up the core consciousness and strengthening the unity of the whole party. "Shang Xian" is helpful to build an innovative country and have a positive reference for the cultivation of innovative talents and the selection of innovative talents.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B224

【相似文献】