柴达木盆地现代新月形沙丘的光释光测年
发布时间:2017-12-31 09:25
本文关键词:柴达木盆地现代新月形沙丘的光释光测年 出处:《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 柴达木盆地 现代新月形沙丘 光释光测年 钾长石 遥感监测
【摘要】:柴达木盆地位于青藏高原东北边缘,气候干旱少雨,盆地内部有大量的风成沉积,各种类型的沙丘广泛分布其中。新月形沙丘是沙丘的基本形态之一,早期学者对其形态、移动特征和成因等研究的较多,也得到了较一致的结论,但是对其年代学的研究极少。新月形沙丘根据其形态大小不同,形成的时间长短也不同,通常来说,体型较大的沙丘年代较老,而小沙丘较年轻,且移动较快,但总体来说,新月形沙丘年代往往不超过一百年。目前的测年方法往往针对的年代尺度较大,14C测年则主要针对1950年以前至50ka范围内的有机物的测年,只有光释光(Optically Stimulated Luminescence,OSL)测年在百年尺度范围内表现出优越性。本文利用OSL测年的单片再生剂量法(Single Aliquot Regeneration,SAR)对柴达木盆地现代新月形沙丘进行了年代学研究。在实验过程中,作者发现该地区的大部分样品石英信号都很弱,这会导致误差较大,不适合年轻样品的测年。为了解决这一问题,本文分离出样品中的钾长石矿物,利用50℃红外(IR)激发后180℃高温红外激发的两步红外(pIRIR)激发的方法进行测年。同时利用近十多年来的谷歌遥感影像对采样沙丘进行监测,并据此计算沙丘年代,以此来验证OSL年代的准确性。本文得到的几点结论如下:(1)钾长石由于信号较强,更适合于年轻样品的测年。普通IRSL和pIRIR测试方法都可以用来测试年轻样品,二者的区别的是:10年之内的样品,二者年代都较接近。50年左右的样品,普通IRSL会有衰退现象,且随着年代增长,衰退现象越明显,需要再进行一组衰退校正实验。而pIRIR由于进行了两次红外激发,第二次激发得到的信号几乎不再衰减,年代与沙丘真实年代较接近。因此针对长石的180℃下pIRIR激发更适合于年轻样品的测年。(2)通过遥感影像的监测,可以看到沙丘十多年来的移动情况。体型较大的沙丘移动速度缓慢,而小沙丘移动明显。通过图上测量沙丘移动距离、沙丘长度等信息,可以计算出沙丘前缘的真实年代,并以此为标尺,检验释光年代的准确性。本文中4个DCD新月形沙丘最前缘的RS年代分别为55.4a、59.1a、7.3a和9.5a,OSL的50℃IR年代分别为45±7a、48±5a、7±2a和7±2a,180℃pIRIR年代分别为63±8a、66±11a、10±3a、7±3a,总体来说,pIRIR年代更接近沙丘的真实年代。本文解决了年轻风沙地貌的测年问题,与RS影像的对比分析,说明测年结果准确可靠。本文针对长石的IR测年以及pIRIR测年也可为其在年轻样品上的应用奠定基础。
[Abstract]:The Qaidam Basin is located on the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with a dry climate and little rain. There are a large number of aeolian deposits in the basin and various types of sand dunes are widely distributed. The crescent dune is one of the basic forms of sand dunes. Early scholars have studied its morphology, movement characteristics and causes, and have also obtained a more consistent conclusion, but the study of its chronology is rare. Crescent dune is different according to its shape and size. The formation time is also different, generally speaking, the larger dunes are older, while the small dunes are younger and move faster, but generally speaking. The age of crescent dune is often less than one hundred years, and the current dating methods are mainly aimed at the dating of organic matter in the range of 50 ka from 1950 to 1950. Only optically Stimulated Luminescence. In this paper, single Aliquot Regeneration is used in OSL dating. In the course of experiment, the authors found that the quartz signal of most samples in this area is very weak, which will lead to a large error. In order to solve this problem, potassium feldspar minerals were isolated from the samples. A two-step infrared (pIRIRIR) excited at 180 鈩,
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