基于数字近景摄影测量的节理迹长与连通率估计

发布时间：2018-04-04 09:18

本文选题：近景摄影测量　切入点：平均迹长　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着非量测相机成像质量的不断提高,价格趋于平民化,利用非量测相机进行近景摄影测量越来越普遍。该方法以其测量速度快、精度高、信息量大、非接触的测量方式等优点,在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。工程地质工作中,岩体结构信息采集工作非常重要,所获取的数据是边坡稳定性评价的重要依据,由于其测量地点多处于高陡边坡和高山峡谷,环境极为险峻,客观条件严重限制了工程地质测量工作的开展,传统的人工测量方式已经无法满足工作需求。在这样的背景下,数字近景摄影测量依靠其非接触测量的优势被学者们引入到了工程地质测量工作中。经过不断的探索和实践,国内基于数字近景摄影测量进行岩体结构信息获取的技术已逐渐成熟,在实际应用中能够充分发挥自身的优势,能快速获取高精度的岩体结构几何信息,可为边坡稳定性评价提供可靠的基础数据。岩体结构面的产状和迹长是分析评价边坡稳定性的基础信息,边坡的破碎程度主要受结构面尺寸影响,岩体节理迹长用来衡量岩体结构面的尺寸大小,是表征结构面规模的重要量化指标,它控制了不连续结构面的抗剪强度和水力学特性,如何准确获取岩体节理迹长分布形式及平均迹长是边坡岩体稳定性分析的关键工作。对于岩体节理迹长均值估计,国内外学者进行了大量的研究,相继提出了多种适用性较强的算法。应用比较普遍的算法有测线法、矩形窗口法和圆形窗口法,测线法参与统计的结构面迹线较少,估计结果较不稳定;圆形窗口法受到窗口直径的限制,布设较大面积的窗口难度较大,窗口面积过小又不具统计意义;矩形窗口法布设更加灵活,并能获得较大的窗口尺寸,其估计结果稳定,目前应用较为广泛。本文利用数字近景摄影测量获取边坡岩体大量结构面几何信息,在H-H迹长均值估计算法的基础上,对算法进一步优化,提高算法的稳定性和适用性,建立EHH迹长均值估计模型,并进行了模型的稳定性和适用性分析。在岩体节理迹长均值估计模型的基础上,又进行了连通率的研究,基于现有窗口法和投影法的基础理论,经过实测数据的计算分析,表明两种算法都存在一定的缺陷,致使连通率计算结果较不稳定。为此,本文提出P-L连通率计算模型,该模型将测线引入到投影法中,以测线与迹线的交切关系作为确定投影范围的标准,结合现有投影法的思路计算连通率。实验表明EHH迹长均值估计模型和P-L连通率计算模型稳定可靠、适用性强。综上,本文主要取得以下成果:(1)基于数字近景摄影测量的方法,采集了高精度的边坡结构面几何信息;(2)通过编写数据后处理软件,获取了岩体结构面的特征数据;(3)建立了基于H-H模型的EHH迹长均值估计模型;(4)建立了基于投影法的P-L连通率计算模型;
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the imaging quality of the non-measuring camera, the price tends to be popularized, and it is more and more common to use the non-measuring camera for close-range photogrammetry.This method has been widely used in many fields because of its advantages of high measurement speed, high accuracy, large amount of information and non-contact measurement.In engineering geological work, the collection of rock mass structure information is very important, and the obtained data is an important basis for slope stability evaluation. Because most of the survey sites are located in high and steep slopes and mountain canyons, the environment is extremely steep.The objective conditions seriously restrict the development of engineering geological survey, and the traditional manual survey method can not meet the needs of the work.In this context, digital close-range photogrammetry is introduced into engineering geological survey by its advantage of non-contact survey.Through continuous exploration and practice, the domestic technology of obtaining rock mass structure information based on digital close-range photogrammetry has gradually matured, and can give full play to its own advantages in practical application.The geometric information of rock mass structure can be obtained quickly and reliable basic data can be provided for slope stability evaluation.The occurrence and trace length of rock mass structural joints are the basic information for the analysis and evaluation of slope stability. The fracture degree of the slope is mainly affected by the size of the structural plane, and the joint trace length of the rock mass is used to measure the size of the structural plane of the rock mass.It controls the shear strength and hydraulic characteristics of discontinuous structural joints. How to accurately obtain the distribution form of joint length and the average track length of rock mass is the key work of slope rock mass stability analysis.A lot of researches have been done on the mean value estimation of jointed joint length in rock mass, and a variety of suitable algorithms have been put forward one after another.The commonly used algorithms are the measuring line method, the rectangular window method and the circular window method, and the method of measuring line is involved in the statistical analysis of the structural plane trace lines, and the estimation results are less stable, and the circular window method is limited by the diameter of the window, and the circular window method is limited by the diameter of the window.The method of rectangular window is more flexible and can obtain larger window size. The estimation results are stable and widely used at present.In this paper, a large amount of geometric information of structural plane of slope rock mass is obtained by digital close-range photogrammetry. On the basis of H-H trace length mean estimation algorithm, the algorithm is further optimized to improve the stability and applicability of the algorithm, and a EHH track length mean estimation model is established.The stability and applicability of the model are analyzed.On the basis of the mean value estimation model of joint length of rock mass, the connectivity of rock mass joint is studied. Based on the basic theory of window method and projection method, and through the calculation and analysis of measured data, it is shown that both algorithms have some defects.As a result, the calculation results of connectivity are unstable.In this paper, a P-L connectivity calculation model is proposed, in which the measured line is introduced into the projection method, and the tangent relation between the measured line and the trace line is taken as the criterion to determine the projection range. The connectivity is calculated by combining the existing projection methods.The experimental results show that the EHH mean value estimation model and the P-L connectivity calculation model are stable and reliable.In summary, the following achievements are obtained in this paper: (1) based on the method of digital close range photogrammetry, the high precision geometric information of slope structural plane is collected.In this paper, the characteristic data of rock mass structural joints are obtained. (1) the H-H model for estimating the mean value of EHH trace length is established; (2) the P-L connectivity calculation model based on projection method is established;
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P234.1

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