温州湾游泳动物群落结构及多样性研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 03:48

本文选题：游泳动物 + 多样性　；参考：《浙江海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文基于2013年春季与2014年春季对该海域游泳动物调查所获得数据资料,研究温州湾海域主要游泳动物不同类群间的所占据位置及功能关系。分析同一群落中物种之间相互作用的生态关系,对资源利用的共性。主要研究结果如下:温州湾海域两次拖网调查鉴定出游泳动物共计104种。其中六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)这3种为优势种,共占渔获物总尾数的52.78%,占渔获物总重量的32.98%。生物多样性指数在0.195~2.630之间,平均值为1.752,整体多样性程度一般。丰富度指数D值在1.685~5.202之间,平均值为3.601,整体丰富度程度较好。均匀度指数J'值在0.007~0.857之间,平均值为0.550,整体均匀度程度一般。主要游泳动物共33种,根据摄食习惯对其功能群进行划分,共7个功能群。碎屑食性功能群没有出现,底栖动物食性功能群处于绝对优势地位,占主要游泳动物功能群总尾数的70.86%,其中主要贡献者为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、黑姑鱼(Atrobucca nibe)、细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)等三种。各功能群平均营养级在3.02~4.35之间,主要游泳动物处于次级和中级的消费者占有重要比重,高级消费者在群落中比例过低。饵料生物过于单一化,营养结构趋于简单。主要游泳动物的生态位宽度值在0.07~5.60之间,变化较大,覆盖度较大。其中生态位宽度值最大值为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(5.60),海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)为生态位宽度值最小(0.07)。重叠值在0.00~0.93之间,变化幅度相对较大,呈不均匀的分布程度。其中重叠值最大的种对为棕腹刺渶(Gastrophysus spadiceus)与太平洋长臂虾(Palaemon pacificus),重叠值为0.00的种对共8对。该海域群落生态位重叠值偏低,部分种对间可能存在捕食关系。而且生态位重叠值相对高的种对,多为虾蟹类、头足类一些运动能力较差的种类。由方差比率VR=7.87,值大于1,得出主要游泳动物总体上呈正相关。W值检验关联显著性,W=291.25不在置信区间内,表示主要游泳动物总体上显著关联。表明温州湾群落结构和物种组成稳定性较强,有正向演替的趋势,群落稳定发展,群落结构和组成比较完善,生态系统结构相对成熟,整个群落对外界环境改变有较好的承受能力。卡方检验得出88.64%的种对间无联结性,独立分布;联结系数显示61.74%的种对无联结性;共同出现百分率显示17.42%的种对具有弱正联结性;点相关系数显示56.25%的种对无联结性;Ochiai指数显示8.33%的种对无联结性。表明种对间随演替程度升高,关联程度降低。综上,温州湾海域的游泳动物群落结构比较稳定,但是多样性程度较低,一些传统优势种类数量减少,由于过度捕捞、海洋工程等人为因素使海洋环境变化较大,总体资源现状仍然不容乐观,资源呈现衰退的趋势。
[Abstract]:Based on the data obtained from the survey of swimming animals in the sea area in spring 2013 and spring 2014, the position and function of different groups of main swimming animals in Wenzhou Bay were studied in this paper. The ecological relationship of species interaction in the same community was analyzed and the commonness of resource utilization was analyzed. The main results are as follows: 104 species of swimming animals were identified by two trawl surveys in Wenzhou Bay. Among them, Amblychaeturichthys hexanemaer, Harpodon nehereusus, Pampus argenteusus) are the dominant species, accounting for 52.78 of the total catch and 32.98% of the total catch weight. The biodiversity index is between 0.195 and 2.630, the average is 1.752, and the whole diversity is general. The richness index D was between 1.685 and 5.202, the average value was 3.601, and the overall richness was better. The index of evenness is between 0.007 and 0.857, the average value is 0.550, and the degree of overall uniformity is general. There are 33 main swimming animals. According to their feeding habits, the main swimming animals are divided into 7 functional groups. The herbivorous functional groups of detritus were not found, and zoobenthos were in the dominant position, accounting for 70.86 of the total number of main swimming animal functional groups, among which the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei, Leptochela gracilis, and so on, among them, the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei and Leptochela gracilis, among them, the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei and Leptochela gracilis. The average nutritional grade of each functional group was between 3.02 and 4.35. The major swimming animals were in the secondary and intermediate level, and the proportion of the advanced consumers in the community was too low. Feed organisms are too simple and the nutritional structure tends to be simple. The niche width of the main swimming animals ranged from 0.07 to 5.60, which changed greatly and covered greatly. The maximum value of niche width is 5.60m, and Muraenesox cinereus is the smallest one. The overlap value was between 0. 000 and 0. 93, and the range of variation was relatively large, showing an uneven distribution degree. The species pairs with the largest overlap value were Gastrophysus spadiceus) and Palaemon Pacificusus, and the species pairs with an overlap value of 0.00 were 8 pairs. The niche overlap value of community in this area is low, and some species may have predation relationship. The species pairs with relatively high niche overlap value were mostly shrimp and crab species and cephalopod species with poor movement ability. According to the variance ratio VRN 7.87, the result shows that the main swimming animals are positively correlated as a whole. W value test is significant not in the confidence interval, which indicates that the main swimming animals are significantly correlated as a whole. The results showed that the community structure and species composition of Wenzhou Bay were stable and had a trend of positive succession, the community developed steadily, the community structure and composition were relatively perfect, and the ecosystem structure was relatively mature. The whole community can withstand the change of environment. The chi-square test showed that 88.64% species had no connectedness and independent distribution, 61.74% species had no association, 17.42% species had weak positive association. The point correlation coefficient showed that 56.25% of the species had no association and the Ochiai index showed 8.33% of the species had no association. The results showed that the degree of interspecies succession increased and the degree of correlation decreased. In summary, the community structure of swimming animals in Wenzhou Bay is relatively stable, but the degree of diversity is low, the number of some traditional dominant species is reduced, and the marine environment has changed greatly due to overfishing and human factors such as marine engineering. The overall status of resources is still not optimistic, resources show a declining trend.
【学位授予单位】：浙江海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.8

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