拉卡托斯纲领替代原则的拓展研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 12:39
【摘要】：拉卡托斯的科学研究纲领方法论,在科学哲学中具有重要的意义。本文以它的纲领替代原则为主要研究对象,通过对纲领替代原则的源起以及基本内容的科学史分析,指出该原则所面临的问题和困难,并尝试说明当前发展强劲的贝叶斯方法和结构实在论对这些困难的克服,以及它们和拉卡托斯纲领替代原则之间的内在联系。本文的具体探讨内容,包含以下三部分的拓展分析。第一部分,本文对纲领替代原则的主要内容,即理论系列的原则、启发法的原则、理论上的进步原则以及经验上的进步原则四个方面,和证伪主义、范式理论以及经验证实原则的渊源关系进行了比较分析。并在此基础上,对纲领替代原则进行了科学史分析。具体案例涉及到哥白尼纲领、托勒密纲领、爱因斯坦的纲领和洛伦兹纲领。通过分析总结,认为柏拉图启发法原则和两个进步原则在哥白尼和托勒密的纲领中得到了较充分地体现,而在爱因斯坦和洛伦兹的纲领中,启发法原则、两个进步原则和理论系列的原则,也得到了较好的体现。在第二部分则主要探讨贝叶斯分析方法对纲领替代原则的合理性解释。具体内容包括贝叶斯方法对纲领替代原则相关问题,即迪昂——蒯因以及老证据问题对纲领替代原则的影响,而本文对贝叶斯方法对前二者的解决思路进行了详细探讨,认为贝叶斯方法对纲领替代原则进行合理地解释,即贝叶斯方法通过对人们关于科学理论置信度的计算,可以有助于解释,一个研究纲领在与之相竞争的纲领出现的条件下,硬核却不能受到反驳的原因。在最后一方面,对结构实在论和连续性问题方面的内在联系进行了阐释,主要论述了二者与纲领替代过程的关系。本文经过分析总结,认为结构实在论对于纲领替代原则具有重要的理论意义,因为在科学研究纲领方法论中,在同一研究纲领内部,连续性是存在的,而在两个纲领之间,即研究纲领外部的连续性,可以由结构实在论的连续性观点对进行补充。因此,结构实在论关于科学理论发展具有共同物理世界结构连续性观点,可以对纲领替代原则进行拓展和完善。
[Abstract]:Lakatos's methodology of scientific research program is of great significance in philosophy of science. This paper takes its principle of substitution of program as the main research object, points out the problems and difficulties it faces by analyzing the origin of the principle and the basic content of its scientific history. It also tries to explain how Bayesian methods and structural realism have overcome these difficulties and the internal relationship between them and the substitution principle of Lakatos's program. The specific content of this paper, including the following three parts of the expansion analysis. In the first part, the main contents of this paper are the principles of theoretical series, the principles of heuristic law, the progressive principles of theory and the progressive principles of experience, and the doctrine of falsification. The relationship between paradigm theory and empirical proof principle is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the scientific history of the principle of program substitution is analyzed. Specific cases relate to the Copernican, Ptolemy, Einstein and Lorentz programs. It is concluded that Plato's heuristic principle and two progressive principles have been fully embodied in Copernicus and Ptolemy's program, while in Einstein's and Lorentz's, heuristic principles have been found. The two progressive principles and the principles of theoretical series have also been well embodied. In the second part, we mainly discuss the rationality explanation of Bayesian analysis method to the principle of program substitution. The specific contents include the Bayesian method and the influence of Dion Quine and the old evidence on the principle of the substitution of the program, and this paper discusses in detail the solutions to the former two principles by the Bayesian method. It is considered that the Bayesian method can reasonably explain the principle of program substitution, that is, the Bayesian method can help to explain that a research program appears under the condition that a competing program appears through the calculation of people's confidence in scientific theory. The hard core cannot be refuted. In the last part, the internal relations between structural realism and continuity are explained, and the relationship between them and the substitution process of program is mainly discussed. In this paper, we conclude that structural realism is of great theoretical significance to the principle of program substitution, because in the methodology of scientific research program, continuity exists within the same research program, but between the two programs. That is, the continuity outside the research program can be supplemented by the continuity view of structural realism. Therefore, structural realism has a common view of the structural continuity of the physical world on the development of scientific theory, which can expand and perfect the principle of substitution of program.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：N02
本文编号：2337812
[Abstract]:Lakatos's methodology of scientific research program is of great significance in philosophy of science. This paper takes its principle of substitution of program as the main research object, points out the problems and difficulties it faces by analyzing the origin of the principle and the basic content of its scientific history. It also tries to explain how Bayesian methods and structural realism have overcome these difficulties and the internal relationship between them and the substitution principle of Lakatos's program. The specific content of this paper, including the following three parts of the expansion analysis. In the first part, the main contents of this paper are the principles of theoretical series, the principles of heuristic law, the progressive principles of theory and the progressive principles of experience, and the doctrine of falsification. The relationship between paradigm theory and empirical proof principle is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the scientific history of the principle of program substitution is analyzed. Specific cases relate to the Copernican, Ptolemy, Einstein and Lorentz programs. It is concluded that Plato's heuristic principle and two progressive principles have been fully embodied in Copernicus and Ptolemy's program, while in Einstein's and Lorentz's, heuristic principles have been found. The two progressive principles and the principles of theoretical series have also been well embodied. In the second part, we mainly discuss the rationality explanation of Bayesian analysis method to the principle of program substitution. The specific contents include the Bayesian method and the influence of Dion Quine and the old evidence on the principle of the substitution of the program, and this paper discusses in detail the solutions to the former two principles by the Bayesian method. It is considered that the Bayesian method can reasonably explain the principle of program substitution, that is, the Bayesian method can help to explain that a research program appears under the condition that a competing program appears through the calculation of people's confidence in scientific theory. The hard core cannot be refuted. In the last part, the internal relations between structural realism and continuity are explained, and the relationship between them and the substitution process of program is mainly discussed. In this paper, we conclude that structural realism is of great theoretical significance to the principle of program substitution, because in the methodology of scientific research program, continuity exists within the same research program, but between the two programs. That is, the continuity outside the research program can be supplemented by the continuity view of structural realism. Therefore, structural realism has a common view of the structural continuity of the physical world on the development of scientific theory, which can expand and perfect the principle of substitution of program.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：N02
【相似文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 翟勇波;拉卡托斯纲领替代原则的拓展研究[D];深圳大学;2017年
，本文编号：2337812
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/benkebiyelunwen/2337812.html
