农户生产分工发生机理

发布时间：2017-12-27 08:23

本文关键词：农户生产分工发生机理　出处：《西南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农户经营承载着中国农民的就业和国家的粮食安全,承载着政府改善民生建设小康社会的愿望。提高农户经营效率是我国发展现代农业,解决三农问题甚为关键的一环。在我国农业生产中,部分农户从多业经营中分离出来,专门从事某种农产品的生产,成为农产品高效供给者,农户经营产品种类也大为减少,农村正分化出不同的职业和工种,农户生产分工已经成为农户改进家庭经营效率的重要途径。与此同时,农户经营土地面积非常有限,农村劳动力还将进一步向农业外转移,农户投资能力也比较弱。在这样的背景下,农户生产分工发生机理的研究将有助于探索农业增长的来源、家庭经营效率改进的途径和农业生产方式的变迁,同时拓展分工的理论内涵,扩展其运用范围,为农户经营背景下现代农业的发展提供理论支持。在人们普遍认为农业分工有限的条件下,农户生产分工已经成为农业发展的普遍现象,这必然成为理论关注的焦点。目前研究的重点是农业生产的特点和家庭经营的特征对农户生产分工的不利影响,有些研究,关注到农户的选择行为,但该类研究大都立足农户的外部条件,基本没有涉及农户的内部要素条件和决策行为对农户生产分工的影响。基于上述背景,本文运用分工理论、农户经济理论和现代增长理论,采用逻辑演绎、模型构建和实证研究等方法,研究农户生产分工为什么能发生,又是如何发生的。农户生产分工的发生的主要受市场条件、利益动因、要素条件和政策环境四个方面因素的影响,每个方面都存在一定的内部结构和复杂的影响机制,本研究把这些不同方面的影响机制分别称为市场诱导机制、利益驱动机制、要素支撑机制和政策扶持机制,通过对这些机制的研究阐明农户生产分工发生的内在必然性。本文主要研究内容包括:(1)农户生产分工的理论分析。从产业选择的角度阐明农户生产分工的内涵,进一步阐明农户生产分工的特征和类型,在此概念框架下探讨农户生产分工发生的外部条件、内部因素、分工收益、交易成本约束以及农户的生产分工决策,为农户生产分工发生机理的研究提供理论依据。(2)中国农户生产分工的现实考察。通过入户调研获取的第一手资料,分析样本农户在种植和养殖业上的分工、种植和养殖业内部的分工以及农户在农业生产环节上的分工,阐明样本农户生产分工的特点及其成因。运用计量模型,对中国农户生产分工的影响因素进行计量分析。(3)农户生产分工发生的市场诱导机制研究。针对小农户的特点,构建市场需求、市场交易和市场服务三位一体的农户利用外部市场机会的生产决策模型,在此框架下探讨市场需求、市场获利、市场交易、市场竞争和市场服务等因素对农户生产分工的影响,通过分析,阐明各种市场因素形成的有序的力量的增强对农户生产分工的诱发和推动作用。(4)农户生产分工发生的利益驱动机制研究。阐明多种来源的经济性与农户生产分工相互作用的机制,在此基础上,研究要素配适改进效益对农户生产分工的影响,研究农户专业化经济和规模经济的来源、实现路径对农户生产分工的影响,依据技术的利用条件、产出特征探讨技术进步对农户生产分工的推动作用。(5)农户生产分工发生的要素支撑机制。从自然要素条件、资本和技术条件、农户素质三个维度逐步深入地探讨要素条件在农户生产分工中的作用机制,阐明农户生产分工的要素条件。(6)农户生产分工发生的政策扶持机制。主要研究基础设施建设政策、土地资源开发利用政策、农业补贴政策、金融政策对农户生产分工的条件创造和利用激励。论文主要研究结论包括:(1)对样本农户调查发现,目前我国农户生产分工具有粗略性、多样性和区域差异性等特征,生产规模比较大、专业性比较强的农户极为少见,农户获得的分工收益也比较有限,初步性特征明显,进一步发展的条件还有待改善。(2)农户生产分工是在多种市场因素的诱发和推动下发生的,具体表现在:市场机会的竞争性利用引发农户产业选择上的分化;市场需求规模的扩大为农户专业化的增进提供激励;市场交易条件的改进有利于农户对市场机会的利用;市场服务弥补农户的要素不足,节约农户的生产成本,为农户专业化的增进和产业选择创造条件。但是,由于小规模经营农户始终存在小生产与大市场的衔接问题,市场诱导机制的充分运作会受到一定的限制,其作用的发挥是缓慢而渐进的。(3)专业化经济、规模经济、技术经济等经济性既是农户生产分工收益的来源,也是农户生产分工发生的内在动因。但大部分农户都是以有限的土地资源参与农业生产分工,专业化经济的利用比较困难,规模化经营也受到多方面的限制,农户生产分工的内生动因有待重塑和加强。生产服务的规模经济是农户生产分工的主要推动力量;农业技术进步带来了一系列新品种,创造和革新了大量的生产工具和生产手段,催生了一批新兴农业产业,促进了农户在农业产业中的分化。(4)自然要素分布差异就能引起农户生产分工,但这只是农户对自然条件的适应。农业生产的资本密集化和技术扩散使农户生产分工摆脱了自然条件的限制,是农户生产分工持续展开的重要要素条件。(5)农户的个人技能、市场判断能力和创新能力对农户生产分工的持续发展具有决定性影响,农户生产分工的持续展开在相当大的程度取决于农户自身素质的提高。(6)政策可以从多个方面促进农户生产分工发生和发展,它的功能主要是在保障国家粮食安全的前提下为农户生产分工创造良好的外部环境以及提供适当的激励和补偿。论文创新点主要包括:(1)农户具有经营规模小、市场地位弱、能够利用的要素条件有限等特点,农户生产分工能否发生、如何发生,这还没有一个明确的理论说明。本文基于农户的产业选择行为,建立农户生产分工发生机理分析框架,在此基础上探讨农户生产分工发生的市场诱因、利益动因、要素基础和政策条件,通过对这些因素及其作用机制的研究,阐明农户生产分工发生的内在机理。(2)分工形成市场,市场推动分工,分工与市场的关联比较复杂,本文依据农户的实际状况,把研究重心转移到市场对分工的影响上来,深入探讨市场需求、市场获利、市场竞争、市场交易、市场服务等市场因素对农户生产分工的影响,揭示了农户生产分工发生的市场诱因,这个分析有助于从农户生产分工的视角加深对市场结构和功能的认识。(3)报酬递增是分工中的重要现象,大量的文献都关注到这个问题,但一般认为这是工业中的现象,而且把报酬递增与分工等同起来的倾向也比较明显,这使报酬递增的来源变得模糊不清。本文分析了农户专业化经济、规模经济的来源及其实现形式对农户生产分工的影响,揭示了技术经济性与生产分工相互加强的趋势,这个分析有助于更好地说明生产分工收益的来源和分工发生的动因。
[Abstract]:Farmers' operation bearing the employment of Chinese farmers and the national food security, bearing the desire of the government to improve the livelihood of the people to build a well-off society. Improving the efficiency of farmers' management is a key link in the development of modern agriculture and solving the problem of agriculture, rural and rural areas. In the agricultural production in China, separated from farmers in a multi business, specializing in the production of agricultural products, become the efficient supply of agricultural products, farmers operating range is also greatly reduced, the countryside is the occupation and differentiation of different types of farmers' production division has become an important way to improve the operating efficiency of farmer households. At the same time, the farmers' land area is very limited, the rural labor force will be further transferred to the outside of agriculture, and the investment ability of farmers is weak. In this context, the research of farmers' production division mechanism will help to explore the change of agricultural growth sources, improve operational efficiency of family way and the mode of agricultural production, while expanding the theoretical connotation of division of labor, to expand its scope of application, to provide theoretical support for the development of modern agriculture and farmer management background. Under the condition that people generally think that the division of labor is limited, the labor division of farmers has become a common phenomenon in the development of agriculture, which will inevitably become the focus of theoretical attention. The current study focuses on the adverse effects and characteristics of family business characteristics of agricultural production on household production division of some research, pay attention to the choice of farmers' behavior, but this kind of study is based on the farmers external conditions, basically no influence farmers involved in the internal elements of the condition and decision on the behavior of farmers production division. Based on the above background, this paper applies the theory of division of labor, the theory of peasant household economy and the theory of modern growth, and adopts logical deduction, model construction and empirical research to study how and why the division of labor in rural households can happen. Influence of households production division is mainly influenced by market conditions, the interest motive factor, condition and policy environment of four factors, each have a complex internal structure and influence mechanism, the mechanism of these different aspects of the influence are called the market guidance mechanism, interest driven mechanism, support mechanism elements and policy support mechanism, through the study of the mechanism of inner necessity of the division of agricultural production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the theoretical analysis of the labor division of farmers. From the perspective of the connotation of industry choice of farmers production division, to further clarify the characteristics of farmers and the type of production division, the division of household production of external conditions and internal factors, the division of income, the transaction cost constraints and farmers' production division decision in this concept framework, provides theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of farmers' production division. (2) the practical investigation of the labor division of farmers in China. Based on the first-hand information obtained from household survey, the division of labor in the farming and aquaculture industry, the division of labor within the farming and breeding industry, and the division of labor in the agricultural production link of the sample farmers were analyzed, and the characteristics and causes of the division of labor in the sample farmers were clarified. By using the econometric model, the factors affecting the labor division of farmers in China are measured and analyzed. (3) study on the market induction mechanism of the production division of labor of farmers. According to the characteristics of small farmers, production decision model of market demand, market trading and market service three-in-one farmers using external market opportunities, under this framework of market demand, market profit, market transaction, market competition and market service and other factors on Farmers' production division, through analysis, clarify the various factors in the formation of enhanced market orderly power induced production of the farmers and promote the role of division of labor. (4) research on the interest driven mechanism of the production division of labor of farmers. To clarify the various sources of economy and farmers' production division interaction mechanism, based on the elements of fitness improvement benefits of production division, the source of research farmer specialization and economies of scale to achieve the path of specialization, promote technological progress on household production division according to characteristics use condition and output technique. (5) the factor supporting mechanism for the production division of labor of farmers. From the three dimensions of natural conditions, capital and technological conditions, and the quality of farmers, this paper explores the function mechanism of factor conditions in the division of production of farmers, and expounds the factors of the division of labor. (6) the policy support mechanism for the production division of labor of farmers. It mainly studies infrastructure construction policy, land resource development and utilization policy, agricultural subsidy policy and financial policy, and encourages farmers' production division. The main conclusions of this paper include: (1) to the survey sample of households, at present our country farmer production division has rough and diversity, and regional difference characteristics, production scale is relatively large, relatively strong professional farmers is extremely rare, farmers get benefits are relatively limited, preliminary characteristics significantly, further the development of the conditions to be improved. (2) farmer production division is occurring in a variety of market factors to induce and promote, specific performance in: lead farmers by differentiation of industry competitive market opportunities; expand the scale of market demand for farmers' Professional Growth Incentive; improve market transaction conditions conducive to the use of market opportunities for farmers the elements of the market; service of peasant households, farmers save production costs, create conditions for farmers' professional promotion and industry selection. However, due to the fact that small-scale farmers always have the connection between small production and big market, the full operation of market inducement mechanism will be limited, and its role is slow and gradual. (3) specialized economy and scale
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6

【共引文献】