中外畜产食品安全监管体系研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 01:00

  本文关键词： 畜产食品 质量安全 监管体系　出处：《中国农业科学院》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是畜产食品生产和消费大国,改革开放以来,我国畜牧业得到长足发展,畜产食品产量大幅增加。近年来,我国畜产食品安全事故频发,畜产食品安全问题已越来越引起人们关注,研究畜产食品安全监管体系具有重要意义。文章共分为8个部分,对美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚和中国在畜产食品安全监管体系进行系统分析,包括发展历程、法律体系、保障制度等内容,主要得出以下几个方面的结论:第一,畜产食品安全监管的本质是以法律规范的形式促进资源的合理配制与充分利用,对我国现有的畜产食品安全法律体系进行顶层设计,提出核心法律与配套法律制定、衔接的统一标准和安排,推动《农产品质量安全法》和《食品安全法》两法合一,尽快制定针对肉蛋乳及其相关制品的专项管理法律,对现行的规章制度进行修订,提升法律位阶,有利于控制畜产食品安全风险。第二,畜产食品安全涉及的领域很多,从养殖到生产到流通再到消费,很难由一个机构管辖所有的事务,我国目前主要由国家食品药品监督管理总局、卫生与计划生育委员会和农业部共同监管。在现有格局下,减少职能交叉,剥离农业部风险评估相关的职能,统一由卫计委承担,三部门中涉及标准制修订方面的职能转给第三方社会机构承担,进一步明确部门分工,加强畜产食品安全监管。第三,区分技术性法规与标准,构建技术法规体系,将目前畜产食品标准体系中的强制性标准上升为技术法规,赋予其法律效力,以便于贯彻实施;保留推荐性标准,做为引导行业达到技术性法规所要求的目标的手段。第四,畜产食品安全监管的前提是科学的风险分析,将风险评估的职能集中到卫生与计划生育委员会,实行风险分析与风险管理相分离,以避免部门间互相推诿,建立国家级的监测信息平台,共享各有关部门的监测数据,有助于为畜产食品安全监管、标准制定等提供科学有效的数据参考。第五,追溯体系是实现畜产食品全食品链信息透明、增强消费者信心的最好方式,我国畜牧业发展规模化程度低,而小散户很难实现各环节的有效衔接,追溯体系建设可以从扶持发展适度规模养殖入手,再通过税收优惠、政策支持、技术帮扶等形式引导企业参与到追溯体系建设中。第六,畜产食品安全监管的最终目标是实现社会共治。在相应的畜产食品安全管理法律中树立行业从业者是第一责任人的理念,加强行业自律,建立政府、企业、消费者、媒体共同参与的网络平台,政府定期发布相关信息、开展培训,引导媒体,保护消费者,鼓励公众参与到畜产食品安全监管全过程,逐步形成政府监管、行业自律、公众参与、社会监督的社会共治格局。
[Abstract]:China is a big country in the production and consumption of livestock food. Since the reform and opening up, animal husbandry in China has been greatly developed, and the production of animal products has increased significantly. In recent years, there have been frequent accidents of livestock food safety in China. The issue of animal food safety has attracted more and more attention. It is of great significance to study the supervision system of animal product food safety. The article is divided into eight parts, for the United States, the European Union, Japan, the United States of America, the European Union, Japan, Australia and China have carried on the systematic analysis in the animal product food safety supervision system, including the development course, the legal system, the safeguard system and so on content. The main conclusions are as follows: first, The essence of animal product food safety supervision is to promote the rational allocation and full use of resources in the form of legal norms. The top level design of the existing animal food safety legal system in China is carried out, and the core laws and supporting laws are proposed. The unified standards and arrangements that link up, promote the integration of the "Agricultural products quality Safety Law" and the "Food Safety Law", formulate as soon as possible the special management laws for meat, eggs, milk and related products, and amend the existing rules and regulations. Raising the legal rank is conducive to controlling the risks of animal food safety. Second, animal food safety involves many fields. From farming to production to circulation to consumption, it is difficult for a single organization to administer all the affairs. At present, China is mainly supervised by the State Administration of Food and Drug Administration, the Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture. Under the present situation, the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture are reduced, the functions related to risk assessment of the Ministry of Agriculture are stripped off, and the Health and Family Planning Commission is unified. The functions of the three departments involved in the revision of the standard system are transferred to the third party social organizations to further clarify the division of labor and strengthen the supervision of animal production and food safety. Third, to distinguish technical regulations and standards, and to build a system of technical laws and regulations. Raise the mandatory standards in the current livestock food standard system to technical regulations and give them legal effect to facilitate their implementation; retain the recommended standards as a means to guide the industry to achieve the objectives required by the technical regulations. 4th, The premise of animal production food safety supervision is scientific risk analysis. The function of risk assessment is centralized to the Health and Family Planning Commission, and risk analysis and risk management are separated so as to avoid shirking responsibility among departments. The establishment of a national monitoring information platform and the sharing of monitoring data from all relevant departments will contribute to providing a scientific and effective data reference for animal production food safety supervision and standard formulation. 5th, The traceability system is the best way to realize the transparency of the information in the whole food chain of livestock products and enhance the confidence of consumers. The development of animal husbandry in China is of low scale, and it is difficult for small retail investors to effectively link up with each other. The construction of the traceability system can start with supporting the development of moderate scale aquaculture, and then guide enterprises to participate in the construction of the traceability system through tax preference, policy support, technical assistance and so on. 6th, The ultimate goal of animal product food safety supervision is to realize social co-administration. In the corresponding animal product food safety management law, we should set up the idea that industry practitioners are the first responsible person, strengthen industry self-discipline, establish government, enterprises, consumers, The government regularly publishes relevant information, conducts training, guides the media, protects consumers, encourages the public to participate in the whole process of animal food safety supervision, and gradually forms government supervision, industry self-discipline, and public participation. The pattern of social co-governance under social supervision.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F322
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本文编号：1545074