我国高校户外运动风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 01:00

  本文选题：高校户外运动 + 风险识别　； 参考：《北京体育大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：户外运动深受大学生青睐,从21世纪伊始在高校得到快速普及,但相关风险因素复杂特殊,其安全问题未得到充分认识,学生发展、人才培养、学校声誉等因此受到潜在威胁,学界理应给予应有观照。本文以“理论构建与实证研究结合、调查研究与理论分析结合、定性分析与定量论证结合”三原则为指导,审视高校户外运动风险及其管理问题,旨在尝试构建相关理论体系,探索一般范式和防控模式。研究遵循如下思路:从内涵、目标、特性、原则等方面构建高校户外运动风险管理的理论体系;对风险源、风险因素识别归纳,并分类阐述;对风险因素进行帕累托分析排序,以层次分析、列表排序和风险矩阵评估的结果作为验证和补充,完成风险评估;以风险应对基本策略为指导,阐述高校应对户外运动风险的基本措施;依据量化结果,从框架、要素、功能等维度探讨高校户外运动风险防控体系的构建问题。研究认为:(1)高校户外运动风险管理,是针对高校户外运动发生人身损害和不利后果程度的不确定性实施识别、评估和应对,以最小成本尽力降低风险发生概率和减少损失的动态过程;具有力求规避人身安全风险、目标多元化、贯穿全过程、坚持系统观点和存在内在规律等特征;应遵循全面周详、预防为主、量力而行、及时反馈、弹性调整、成本效益对比、整分合等原则。(2)高校户外运动风险因素包括人、物、环境及其他等4大类16小类173条。学生、器材装备、气象条件分别为前三大类的关键因素。150个案例中,由人员、环境、物质直接引发的事故分别占59.33%、25.33%、14.00%。(3)学生、教师、气象条件、社团负责人是高校户外运动的主要风险源,各类风险源主要因素条目数分别为8、7、2、5条,次要因素2、3、1、2条。(4)高校户外运动可采取回避、承担、转移和减缓等四种风险应对策略,分别适用于发生可能性大且后果严重、后果损失小频率低或频率高损失较小、后果非常严重且损失巨大、必须面对的等各类风险。(5)高校户外运动风险防控体系由五个系统构成,识别评估系统依靠定性定量分析实现辨识分类;事前预防系统通过回避(10类风险)和预防(53类风险)实现防患于未然;现场监控系统依靠四级联动立体监控模式实现监督、预警和控制(47类风险);事后减损系统通过应急救援减轻伤害和损失;责任转移系统通过保险、免责协议或打包销售等向第三方转移损失。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, outdoor sports have been popularized rapidly in colleges and universities, but the related risk factors are complex and special, their safety problems have not been fully understood, the development of students, the cultivation of talents and the reputation of schools have been threatened.The academic circle should give due attention.Under the guidance of the three principles of "combination of theoretical construction and empirical research, investigation and theoretical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative demonstration", this paper examines the risk and management of outdoor sports in colleges and universities, in order to try to build a relevant theoretical system.Explore the general paradigm and prevention and control model.The study follows the following ideas: from the connotation, objectives, characteristics, principles and other aspects of outdoor sports risk management in colleges and universities theoretical system; risk sources, risk factors identification, induction and classification; Pareto analysis and ranking of risk factors,Taking the results of hierarchical analysis, list ranking and risk matrix evaluation as the verification and supplement, completing the risk assessment, taking the basic risk coping strategies as the guidance, expounding the basic measures to deal with outdoor sports risk in colleges and universities, according to the quantitative results, from the framework,This paper discusses the construction of risk prevention and control system of outdoor sports in colleges and universities from the aspects of factors and functions.The study holds that the risk management of outdoor sports in colleges and universities is to identify, evaluate and deal with the uncertainty of the degree of personal injury and adverse consequences caused by outdoor sports in colleges and universities.The dynamic process of reducing the probability of risk and reducing loss with minimum cost has the characteristics of trying to avoid personal safety risk, diversifying the goal, running through the whole process, insisting on the system view and the inherent law, etc.Prevention, timely feedback, flexibility adjustment, cost-benefit comparison, integration, etc.) the risk factors of outdoor sports in colleges and universities include people, objects, environment and other 4 categories, 16, 17, 173.Students, equipment and meteorological conditions are the key factors in the first three categories respectively. In 150 cases, accidents directly caused by personnel, environment and materials account for 59.33% 25.33% and 14.00% respectively) students, teachers, and meteorological conditions.Community leaders are the main risk sources of outdoor sports in colleges and universities. The number of main factors of each kind of risk sources is 8 / 7 / 22 / 5 and 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 of secondary factors respectively.) Outdoor sports in colleges and universities can adopt four kinds of risk coping strategies: avoidance, commitment, transfer and mitigation, etc.It is suitable for the risk prevention and control system of outdoor sports in colleges and universities, which has great possibility and serious consequences, small frequency loss, low frequency loss, high frequency loss, very serious consequence and huge loss. The risk prevention and control system of outdoor sports in colleges and universities is composed of five systems, such as the risk prevention and control system of outdoor sports in colleges and universities.The identification and evaluation system relies on qualitative and quantitative analysis to realize identification and classification; the prior prevention system realizes the prevention of trouble by avoiding 10 kinds of risks) and the prevention of 53 kinds of risks; the field monitoring system relies on the four-level linkage stereoscopic monitoring mode to realize supervision.Early warning and control of 47 types of risks; ex post derogation systems to mitigate injuries and losses through emergency rescue; liability transfer systems to transfer losses to third parties through insurance, exemption agreements or package sales.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G895
，

本文编号：1761336