政策性金融基本特征研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 18:37

【摘要】：从1994年我国陆续建立国家开发银行、中国农业发展银行和中国进出口银行三家政策性银行开始,到2014年为止中国的政策性金融体系已经建立并运行了20个年头。回顾这20年,从政策性金融的初创、发展到由市场化、商业化改革而导致的“异化”,中国的政策性金融可谓是经历了一段艰难曲折的发展历程。从国内外相关代表性成果来看,对政策性金融理论与实践的问题已经进行了较为有意义和价值的探索,也取得了不错的成绩。但是也存在官方和业界的理论认知和决策理性相对缺乏等问题,特别是政策性金融在发生由市场化、商业化改革而导致的“异化”后,关于政策性金融深化改革、定性定位、是否存续等问题一直存在争议。透过现象看本质,归根究底,其根本原因即为没有正确认识并把握政策性金融的基本特征与本质特征。而针对这一问题的研究也相对缺乏,甚至处于空白状态。为此,笔者针对政策性金融基本特征这一研究空白,力求以开阔的视野和清晰的思路,回归政策性金融基础理论研究,着重探讨政策性金融的基本特征问题。选取政策性金融基本特征为研究对象,具有很大的理论与现实意义。特别是在十八届三中全会提出“深化政策性金融改革”的决策之后,我们十分有必要在这样的时期、这样的时机下,回归本质,从根本上重新科学认识政策性金融制度和政策性金融的基本特征。这有助于官方和业界在政策性金融的理论认知方面达成共识；有助于明确政策性金融在最高宗旨及定性定位等方面的模糊性问题；有助于从根本上解决政策性金融在经历由市场化、商业化改革导致“异化”过程后而产生的历史遗留问题；有利于深化政策性金融改革相关问题的科学、理性决策建议的提出。本论文分为三个部分,共八章对政策性金融的基本特征问题进行研究。第一部分为提出问题(第1章和第2章),即在阐述选题研究背景、梳理相关文献的基础上引出政策性金融基本特征这一研究主题,并基于特征的视角对政策性金融的科学内涵进行界定；第二部分为分析问题(第3、4、5、6章),即分章节,按照先本质特征后一般特征的顺序研究政策性金融公共性、国家信用性、金融性和特定选择性四大基本特征；第三部分为解决问题(第7章和第8章),即在对政策性金融基本特征及本质特征有了清楚认识的基础上对深化中国政策性金融改革进行再思考,总结全文并对下一步研究提出展望。具体来说：第1章为绪论。在论述政策性金融基本特征的研究背景与研究目的的基础上,阐述该研究问题的理论与现实意义；梳理与该研究问题相关的国内外文献后,进行简单评述；确立该问题的研究框架与研究方法。第2章为政策性金融基本特征的整体性阐述。对政策性金融基本特征的理论基础与相关文献进行综述,提出政策性金融基本特征研究问题；基于特征视角对政策性金融的科学内涵进行界定。第3章为政策性金融的公共性特征研究。论述公共性及政策性金融公共性特征的提出,界定公共性的科学内涵；对政策性金融是否具有公共性及其与财政公共性是否异同进行辨析,提出公共性是政策性金融的基本特征且为政策性金融的本质特征；论述政策性金融公共性特征的具体内容,研究公共性所面临的问题及强化政策性金融公共性的现实途径选择。第4章为政策性金融的国家信用性特征研究。阐述国家信用性特征科学内涵与国家信用性在政策性金融中的重要作用；明确深化政策性金融改革,促进政策性金融可持续发展需切实发展政策性金融的国家信用问题；论述发展政策性金融国家信用可能面临的问题及应遵循的原则。第5章为政策性金融的金融性特征研究。政策性金融的金融性特征既是政策性金融区别于非金融的重要标志,又是政策性金融区别于商业性金融与合作性金融的重要标志；具有有偿性、杠杆性、保本微利性等狭义和广义两个层次的基本内涵；随后主要就政策性金融保本微利性这一经济效益方面的金融性内涵,选取剔除国家补贴依赖程度后的经调整过后的净资产收益率作为指标,对政策性金融的金融性特征进行评价分析。第6章为政策性金融的特定选择性特征研究。政策性金融的特定选择性特征具有在经济金融体系中地位的特定选择性、最高宗旨的特定选择性、资金来源的特定选择性、业务范围与业务对象的特定选择性四个方面的基本内涵；阐述在特定选择性条件下我国对政策性金融定性定位问题存在的误区以及导致这些误区形成的内外部深层次原因,并对其定性定位问题进行再界定。第7章为基于特征视角深化我国政策性金融改革。论述政策性金融改革存的问题及其根本性原因,即为没有正确认识并把握政策性金融的基本特征及其辩证关系；以韩国产业银行为案例,以政策性金融基本特征为研究视角分析韩国政策性金融异化与回归,吸取经验教训；在深刻认识并把握政策性金融基本特征及其辩证关系的基础上对深化我国政策性金融改革进行再思考并提出政策建议。第8章为结束语,即从整体上把握本文观点及其主要内容,阐述研究不足并对下一步研究提出展望。论文与以往的研究相比,在以下几个方面有所创新：首先,扩展了已有的研究对象。本研究对象的选择与研究内容均具有一定的新意,是对现有政策性金融理论研究领域的丰富与扩展,进一步推进了政策性金融理论研究和学科建设。其次,丰富扩展了以往的研究视角,完善了传统的研究方法。以往的研究多集中于政策性金融与商业性金融二者之间的探讨,本论文则是以最新的综合人文、哲学、历史、社会等多重视角的三维金融架构理论为视角,力求以更科学、更广阔、更全面的研究视角分析政策性金融的基本特征问题。另外采用多种研究方法旨在结论更具说服力及科学性。第三,基本结论切实可行。本文在对政策性金融基本特征进行逐个分析的基础上,以特征的视角重新界定政策性金融的科学内涵,为政策性金融或政策性金融机构的评判提供依据及标准,并对深化我国政策性金融的改革进行再思考及有益探索。
[Abstract]:Since 1994, China began to establish the National Development Bank, China Agricultural Development Bank and the three policy banks of China Import and export bank. By 2014, China's policy financial system has been established and operated for 20 years. The review of these 20 years has resulted from the initial creation of policy based finance to the market-oriented and commercialized reform. "Alienation", China's policy finance has experienced a difficult and tortuous course of development. From the relevant representative achievements at home and abroad, it has made a more meaningful and valuable exploration to the problems of the policy based financial theory and practice, and has made good achievements. However, there are also the theoretical cognition and determination of the official and the industry. The problem of relative lack of policy rationality, especially after the "alienation" caused by marketization and commercialization reform, has always been controversial about the deepening reform of policy based finance, the qualitative orientation and the continuity. The fundamental reason is that the fundamental reason is that there is no correct understanding and policy nature. The basic characteristics and essential characteristics of finance are relatively lack and even in a blank state. For this reason, the author aims at the gap of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, and strives to return to the basic theory of policy based financial theory with a broad view and clear thinking, and to discuss the basic characteristics of policy based finance. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to select the basic characteristics of the policy oriented finance. Especially after the decision of "deepening the policy financial reform" in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it is very necessary for us to return to the essence of policy based finance at such a time and at this time. The basic characteristics of institutional and policy based finance help the official and the industry to reach a consensus on the theoretical cognition of policy finance, and help to clarify the fuzziness of the policy oriented finance in the highest purpose and qualitative orientation, and help to fundamentally solve the policy finance in the market and commercialized reform. This paper is divided into three parts: eight chapters study the basic characteristics of policy based finance. The first part is to put forward questions (first chapters and second chapters), that is to explain the research topic research. Background, on the basis of combing related literature, the basic characteristics of policy finance are introduced, and the scientific connotation of policy finance is defined on the basis of characteristic perspective. The second part is the analysis problem (Chapter 3,4,5,6), that is chapter, the policy financial public nature is studied in the order of the general characteristics after the essential characteristics. The four basic features of credit, finance and specific selectivity; the third part to solve the problem (the seventh and the eighth), that is to rethink the deepening of China's policy based financial reform on the basis of a clear understanding of the basic characteristics and essential characteristics of the policy based finance, summarize the full text and put forward the prospect of the next step. The first chapter is the introduction. On the basis of the research background and research purpose of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper expounds the theoretical and practical significance of the research problem, reviews the domestic and foreign literature related to the research issues, and makes a brief review, establishes the research framework and research methods of the problem, and the second chapter is the basic special policy finance. The theoretical basis of the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and related literature are reviewed, the basic characteristics of policy finance are discussed, and the scientific connotation of policy based finance is defined based on the characteristic perspective. The third chapter is the research on the public characteristics of policy finance. To define the scientific connotation of the public nature, to distinguish whether the policy finance has the public nature and whether it is different from the public finance, and to put forward that the public nature is the basic characteristic of the policy finance and the essential feature of the policy finance; the specific content of the public character of the policy finance and the research of the public nature are discussed. The fourth chapter is the study of the national credit characteristics of the policy oriented finance. The paper expounds the scientific connotation of the national credit characteristics and the important role of the state credit in the policy finance; it is necessary to deepen the policy oriented financial reform and promote the sustainable development of the policy finance. The issue of national credit for developing policy oriented finance; the problems and principles to be followed for developing policy oriented financial countries. The fifth chapter is the study of the financial characteristics of policy based finance. The financial characteristics of policy based finance are not only the important symbol of policy finance from non-financial, but also the difference between policy finance and business. The important symbol of Industrial Finance and cooperative finance; the basic connotations of the narrow and broad two levels, such as paid, leveraged, low profit, and so on; and then the financial connotation of the economic benefit of the policy based finance to protect the profit, and to select the adjusted net assets after the state subsidy dependence. The sixth chapter is the specific selective characteristics of policy based finance. The specific selectivity of policy based finance has the specific selectivity in the economic and financial system, the specific choice of the highest purpose, the specific selectivity of the source of funds, the scope of business. The basic connotation of four aspects of the specific selectivity of the business object; the misunderstanding of the problem of the qualitative orientation of policy oriented finance in China under the specific selective conditions, the deep and internal internal and external reasons leading to the formation of these misunderstandings, and the redefinition of its qualitative orientation. The seventh chapter deepens our country's politics on the basis of the characteristic perspective. This paper discusses the problems and fundamental reasons of policy based financial reform, that is, to understand and grasp the basic characteristics and dialectical relations of policy based finance, and to analyze Korean policy financial alienation and regression with the basic characteristics of policy based finance as a case, and learn from experience teaching. On the basis of understanding and grasping the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and its dialectical relationship, we rethink and put forward policy suggestions on deepening the policy oriented financial reform in China. The eighth chapter is the end, that is, to grasp the point of view and its main content on the whole, to explain the lack of research and to put forward the prospect of the next step. In the following aspects, there are some innovations in the following aspects: first, the existing research objects have been expanded. The selection and research of this research object are both new, rich and expansion of the current research field of policy based financial theory, further promoting the research of policy based financial theory and the construction of the subject. Secondly, rich expansion The previous research has perfected the traditional research method. The previous research focused on the discussion between the two parties of the policy finance and the commercial finance. This thesis is based on the three dimensional financial architecture theory of the latest comprehensive humanistic, philosophical, historical and social perspectives, and strives for a more scientific, broader and more comprehensive study. The basic characteristics of policy finance are analyzed from the angle of view. In addition, a variety of research methods are used to conclude that the conclusion is more convincing and scientific. Third, the basic conclusion is practical. On the basis of the analysis of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper redefines the scientific connotation of policy based Finance and is a policy gold. It provides basis and criteria for the evaluation of financial institutions or policy financial institutions, and rethinks and explores useful measures to deepen the reform of China's policy finance.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.31

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