墨学与马克思主义中国化关系研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 00:28

  本文关键词：墨学与马克思主义中国化关系研究　出处：《西北大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 墨学 马克思主义 相通性 中国共产党人 马克思主义中国化

【摘要】：从文化层面而言,马克思主义中国化之所以得以实现,离不开对本土文化的深入解析与有效汲取,换言之,共产党人将马克思主义之普遍真理和中国的具体实际相结合,与传统文化相结合,才推动和促成了马克思主义的中国化。诚然,中国传统文化的主要内容是儒释道三家,但不可否认的是,作为独树一帜的先秦显学——墨家学说对中国传统文化的形成和中华民族文化性格的塑造同样发挥了不容忽视的重要作用,同时墨学中的某些社会理想、价值理念与伦理追求与马克思主义虽隔阂时空却遥相呼应、彼此暗合。因是之故,研究马克思主义中国化与中国传统文化的关系,不能无视或忽视墨家学说。无论从历史还是现实层面来看,墨学与马克思主义中国化的关系都是密不可分的。清末民初,几乎就在马克思主义被作为一种西方社会学说传入中国之时,中国古老的思想学说——墨学以其独有的特质在学术界骤然勃兴,产生的社会文化影响亦愈见深广。不仅如此,传入中国的马克思主义学说在这个时期与墨家学说相接触并初步会通,为马克思主义早期传播创造了有利条件。五四时期,深受“尊墨抑儒、以墨攻儒”思潮的洗礼,陈独秀、李大钊、毛泽东、蔡和森、萧楚女、邓中夏、吴玉章等早期马克思主义者,或是援墨批儒为时人接受马克思主义学说提供了适宜的文化土壤和有利的学术环境,或是重视并强调墨学与马克思主义之间的融通与契合而对墨学进行了发挥和阐扬,或是高扬并身体力行墨家的苦行救世精神,投身于新民主主义革命实践中。凡此种种,不仅为墨学复兴奠定了坚实基础,更磨练了早期共产党人的思想观念和人格品质,为认同和接受马克思主义提供了精神动力与智力支持。延安时期,毛泽东、张闻天、陈伯达、艾思奇、范文澜、郭沫若、侯外庐、吕振羽、翦伯赞等共产党人以唯物史观为指引,对墨家伦理思想、朴素唯物主义思想和民主主义思想等方面进行了深入、细致的分析与研究,墨学中蕴含的宝贵的唯物主义成分成为马克思主义中国化理论成果的重要思想资源,墨家精神的弘扬对于加强党的建设及延安精神的形成也产生了直接影响。从马克思主义中国化进程的视角看,墨学复兴及墨家精神的高扬无疑对其具有积极的推动作用。新中国成立以来,墨学对马克思主义中国化的进程及中国社会的发展也产生了一定影响。综而观之,墨学经历了融入社会主义建设初期的意识形态、沦为“文化大革命”时期政治批评工具以及作为中国特色社会主义理论体系之文化营养三个发展阶段。在协调推进“四个全面”战略布局、实现中华民族伟大复兴的现时代,以习近平同志为总书记的党中央高度重视优秀传统文化的继承和创造性转化。墨学作为传统文化的重要一脉,在许多方面与马克思主义观点契合贯通,历久弥新而散发出璀璨光芒,对于现阶段“五位一体”的中国特色社会主义建设仍具有重要的理论意义和时代价值,特别是在培育践行社会主义核心价值观、全面推进从严治党以及实施特色大国外交战略等方面均具有一定的鉴借意义。由此可见,墨学是马克思主义中国化的重要文化渊源。墨学与马克思主义学说在近现代中国更多地表现出融合和会通,而不是冲突与碰撞。在马克思主义中国化的历史进程中,墨学为马克思主义在中国的传播与应用以及马克思主义中国化的促成与发展提供了重要思想文化土壤,并在马克思主义中国化具体实践中有着一定程度的表征。与此同时,马克思主义在中国的运用、发展和创新,也对墨学研究产生了积极的、深刻的影响,使墨学焕发了新的学术活力。据此,墨学与马克思主义中国化总体上是相得益彰的关系,墨学中的许多宝贵思想对整合传统文化的有利资源,不断推动马克思主义中国化仍具有重要的文化价值。
[Abstract]:From the cultural perspective, the Marx doctrine of China is realized, cannot do without in-depth analysis of local culture and learn, in other words, the Communist Party of the actual Marx doctrine of universal truth and Chinese combined with a combination of traditional culture, to promote and contributed to the Marx doctrine of China. Of course, the main contents of Chinese traditional culture of Confucianism is three, but it is undeniable that the pre Qin school, become an independent school in shaping the Mohist theory on the formation of Chinese traditional culture and character of Chinese culture also played an important role can not be ignored, and Mohism of certain social ideals, values and the pursuit of ethics and the Marx doctrine was echoed each other, although the gap space coincide. Because of it, the study of the relationship between the Sinicization of Marx and the traditional Chinese culture can not ignore or ignore the Mohist theory. Both in history and in reality, the relationship between Mohism and the Sinicization of Marx's doctrine is inseparable. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, almost when Marx doctrine was introduced into China as a western social theory, Mohist school, with its unique characteristics, flourishing in academia, and its social and cultural influence is more and more extensive. Moreover, the theory of Marx's introduction to China in this period contacted with Mohist School and initially communicated, creating favorable conditions for the early spread of Marx doctrine. The 54 period, by respecting Confucianism, Confucianism was in ink or thought of baptism, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Chunv, Deng Zhongxia, Wu Yuzhang and other early Marx doctrine, or aid group for people to accept Marx ink Confucian doctrine provides appropriate cultural soil and favorable academic environment, or attention and emphasize the ink between science and the Marx doctrine of financing and fit of Mohism to play and play, or praise and personally Mohist ascetic salvation spirit, participate in the new democratic revolution practice. All of these not only laid a solid foundation for the Renaissance of Mohism, the more honed the early communist ideology and personality quality, provide spiritual impetus and intellectual support for the recognition and acceptance of the Marx doctrine. During the period of Yanan, Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Chen Boda, Ai Siqi, Fan Wenlan, Guo Moruo, Hou Wailu, Lv Zhenyu, Jian Bozan and other Communist Party with historical materialism as the guidance of Mohist ethics thought, naive materialism and democratic thoughts and other aspects of the in-depth and detailed analysis and research, valuable materialism composition of Mohism contains a Marx's China theory and results of an important ideological resources, promote the Mohist spirit to strengthen the construction of the party and the spirit of Yanan also has a direct impact. From the perspective of the process of the Sinicization of Marx's doctrine, the revival of the Mohism and the spirit of the Mohist school undoubtedly have a positive effect on it. Since the founding of new China, Mohism has also had a certain influence on the process of the Sinicization of Marx doctrine and the development of Chinese society. To sum up, Mohism has gone through three developmental stages: the integration of ideology in the early stage of socialist construction, the tool of political criticism in the period of "Cultural Revolution" and the cultural nutrition as the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the era of coordinating and promoting the "four overall" strategic layout and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping as the general secretary attached great importance to the inheritance and creative transformation of the excellent traditional culture. Mohism as an important cultural tradition, in many aspects and the Marx doctrine fit through, timeless and exudes a bright light, still has important theoretical significance and value for the construction of socialism China characteristics at this stage of the "five in one", especially in some are in cultivation practice the socialist core values and comprehensive to promote the implementation of strict and characteristic diplomacy strategy by significance. Thus, Mohism is an important cultural origin of the Sinicization of Marx's doctrine. The theory of Mohism and Marx's doctrine in modern China showed more convergence and convergence than conflicts and collisions. In the history of the Marx doctrine of China, Mohism spread and application in the Marx doctrine and the Marx doctrine of China China to provide cultural soil important thought and development, and has a certain degree of characterization in practice in Marx's Chinese. Meanwhile, the application, development and innovation of Marx doctrine in China also had a positive and profound influence on Mohist research and made the Mohist School glow with new academic vitality. Accordingly, the relationship between Mohism and Sinicization of Marx is complementary. In general, many valuable ideas in Mohism still have important cultural value to integrate traditional culture's resources and push Marx doctrine into China.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B224;D61
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本文编号：1339518