我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练模式研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 05:22

本文关键词：我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练模式研究　出处：《首都体育学院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究目的旨在通过2012年伦敦奥运会、2016年里约奥运会的备战实践,梳理我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练现状,构建我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练模式,探寻我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练的有效途径与方法,以提高我国优秀击剑运动员的专项体能水平。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法、测试法、实证研究法、个案分析法、数理统计法等综合性研究方法对我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能模式进行研究,得出以下结论:1.击剑项目制胜因素以“准”为核心,“主动”、“先”为前提,强调动作的“快”与局面的“控制”;击剑比赛以无氧供能为主,有氧供能为辅;击剑专项体能训练主要发展能力是爆发力、位移速度、协调能力、反应速度、动作速度,主要发展区域为核心区、深层小肌群、大腿前群、大腿后群、手腕与手指肌群,训练应加强个体训练比重,强调准备活动、结束部分的作用,并将伤病预防放在较为重要的位置。2.我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练模式构建以系统论、控制论、运动训练学、康复医学的相关理论为理论基础,遵循竞技能力优先原则、与专项相结合原则、区别对待原则、提升动作效率原则、训练结果及时反馈原则、动作设计符合人体功能特征原则。构建的优秀击剑运动员专项体能训练模式以击剑专项特征及体能定位为支撑,以指标测试、起始评价、模式构建、实践运行、结果评定为主要环节,以反馈调节为核心,以提高竞技能力为目标,是总结训练实践问题解决方案的有一定逻辑线索、相对稳定的参照性样式。3.我国优秀击剑运动员专项体能测试指标包括基础指标(年龄、身高、体重、体成分)、素质指标(核心区类、速度类、力量类、耐力类、专项类)、身体功能指标(FMS、YBT)、认知功能指标(简单反应时、注意力)及伤病指标(肩关节、腰部、膝关节、踝关节、腕关节)。通过初始诊断发现:我国优秀击剑运动员总体表现为髋关节灵活度较差、核心区稳定性较弱;伤病发生的主要部位为膝关节和腰部;伤病运动员的FMS总分与无伤病运动员有显著性差异;FMS、YBT结合能有效预测伤病;FMS与认知功能中的简单反应时和注意力显著负相关性。4.我国优秀击剑运动员全队专项体能训练实践运行中,训练计划的设计以竞赛特征、专项特征及竞技需求为支撑,立足于竞技能力各组成要素中“扬长”。“扬长”以素质长板为基础,体能训练为依托,功能提升为补充,技术特长为目标。5.我国优秀击剑运动员个体专项体能训练实践运行中,训练计划的设计从身体功能、一般体能、专项体能三方面层层递进,立足于竞技能力各组成要素中“补短”。“补短”以素质短板为突破,功能改善为途径,体能强化为保障,技术提升为重点。6.伤病运动员专项体能训练实践运行中,训练计划的设计从治疗伤病、改善关节功能、减少肌力差距、增加神经对肌肉的控制4方面层层递进,立足于运动员比赛中“低损”。“低损”以关节劳损为切点,康复治疗为渠道,功能训练为手段,恢复再生为目的。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to prepare for the practice of the 2012 London Olympics, the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, combing China's elite fencing athletes special physical training situation, construction of special physical training mode of Chinese Elite fencing athletes, effective ways and methods to explore China's elite fencing athletes special physical training, in order to improve the physical level of our country excellent fencing athletes. This paper adopts literature data method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, Delphi method, test method, empirical research method, case analysis, mathematical statistics, comprehensive research methods of Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical model research, draw the following conclusions: 1. fencing winning factors of "quasi" as the core the "active" and "first" as the premise, emphasize the action of "fast" and "control" situation; fencing with anaerobic and aerobic energy supplement; special physical training of fencing major development ability is the explosive force, displacement, speed coordination, reaction speed, movement speed, the main development area the core area of small and deep muscles, thigh anterior group, hamstring, wrist and finger muscles, should strengthen the individual training proportion of training, emphasize the preparatory activities, the end part of the function, and injury prevention on In a more important position. 2. Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical training mode based on the system theory, control theory, sports training, rehabilitation medicine theory as the theoretical basis, follow the priority principle, competitive ability and special combination principle, the principle of distinction, improve action efficiency principle, training results and timely feedback to accord with human body feature principle and the principle of action design. The construction of elite fencing athletes special physical training mode with special characteristics and positioning for fencing physical support to test, initial evaluation, model construction, practice, evaluation results as the main part in the feedback regulation as the core, in order to improve the competitive ability as the goal, is the solution to practical problems with training summary, logical clue the relative stability of the reference style. 3. Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical fitness test index including basic index (age, height, weight, body composition, quality index (core area), speed, strength, endurance, special class), body function index (FMS, YBT), cognitive function index (simple reaction time, and concentration) the injury index (shoulder, waist, knee, ankle, wrist). The initial diagnosis found: China's elite fencing athletes overall performance for hip flexibility is poor, the core area of weak stability; the main parts of the injuries of knee joint and waist; there was significant difference in the total score of FMS and non injured athletes injured athletes; FMS, YBT combination can effectively predict injuries; FMS and cognitive simple reaction the function of the focus and a significant negative correlation. 4. Chinese fencing elite team of special physical training practice, design training program with special features and competitive demand, competition characteristics as the support, based on the competitive ability of the elements in our "". "Swagger" is based on the quality of the long board, relying on physical training, enhance the function of technical expertise, as the goal. 5. Chinese Elite fencing athletes individual special physical training practice, design training program from the body function, general fitness, three special physical fields based on the competitive ability of the elements in each other "". In order to improve the quality of the short board as a breakthrough, improve the function of way, strengthen the physical security, focusing on improving technology. 6., in the practical operation of special physical training for injured athletes, the training plan is designed from 4 aspects, namely, treating injuries, improving joint function, reducing muscle strength and increasing nerve to muscle control. "Low loss" with joint strain, rehabilitation treatment as the channel, functional training as a means to restore regeneration.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G885

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