渤海宗教信仰研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 06:34

  本文关键词：渤海宗教信仰研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 渤海 萨满教 佛教 儒学 道教

【摘要】：渤海国是中国古代东北地区隶属于唐王朝的少数民族地方政权,以粟末梲棬人为主体建立。唐武后圣历元年(公元698年),粟末梲棬的杰出首领大祚荣率其族众“据东牟山,筑城以居之”,建立震国。唐玄宗开元二年(公元714年),唐使崔忻于黄金山阴凿两井并刻石题名“永为记验”,这成为唐朝册封大祚荣的历史信物,也是渤海国与中唐确立臣属关系的见证。从此以后,一个模仿唐朝典章制度建立起来的“海东盛国”走上了历史的舞台。从高王大祚荣建立震国,到后唐明宗天城元年(公元926年)契丹攻灭渤海为止,传国十五世,历时229年。在这二百多年的历史过程中,渤海统治者梲棬人在继承本民族文化传统的基础上,实行了开放性的文化政策,努力学习唐王朝代表的先进中原文化并结合自己的实际情况加以吸收。在这一过程中,宗教始终伴其左右,除了本民族固有宗教——萨满教之外,在与唐朝的密切接触中陆续接纳了佛教、儒学与道教。本文共分五部分内容:第一部分是引言,首先是以国内外研究现状为内容的本课题研究的学术史回顾;其次梳理了渤海萨满教、佛教、儒与道方面的研究成果作为文献综述;最后对于本文提到的相关概念的内涵与外延作出界定;第二部分是渤海的萨满教,首先分析了萨满教产生的背景、特点、被渤海人接纳的原因;其次梳理了肃慎族系萨满教发展的历史进程,并指出渤海萨满教是作为勿吉、梲棬与女真萨满教的中间环节存在;再次,对于渤海萨满教的崇拜对象从自然崇拜、祖先崇拜、图腾崇拜几方面入手,以渤海先民及后裔的生活习俗、典籍记载和考古发现为内容进行分类;然后对萨满教的宗教仪式从萨满职能、法器、主要活动三方面分析;最后探讨了萨满教在渤海的信仰分布区域和对社会生活的影响;第三部分是渤海的佛教,首先介绍了佛教在中原的发展及传入渤海的概况;其次梳理了佛教在渤海的流传情况,包括佛教的发展阶段、佛教的流派、僧侣阶层在社会中起到的作用和佛教的特点与历史功能;再次,概括了渤海与唐朝、日本的佛教交流;最后整理了渤海的佛教遗存包括佛寺遗址、佛像、佛塔等;第四部分是渤海的儒与道,首先把儒学认定为具有宗教性质的信仰;然后讨论了儒学在渤海的发展情况,对社会生活、对政治生活的影响;最后,关于道教的内容主要有渤海道教的传入和渤海人信奉道教的具体表现;第五部分是结论,对于渤海的宗教信仰进行总结,通过分析得出渤海宗教文化凝结着封建鼎盛时代高度发达的唐文化特色,尽管也受到其他民族的影响并具备自身的风格,但总的来说,仍是唐文化的组成部分的结论。
[Abstract]:Bohai is a minority local regime in the northeast of China belonging to the Tang Dynasty. It was established as the main body. The first year of the holy calendar after Tang Wu (AD 698). The illustrious leader Dazuo Rong led his family "according to Dongmushan, built to live in the city", the establishment of the State of shock. Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan two years (AD 714). Tang made Cui Xin chisel two wells in Jinshan Yin and inscribe the inscription "Forever for memory", which became the historical monument of the Tang Dynasty's canonization and glory, as well as the witness of the establishment of the relationship between the state of Bohai and the mid-Tang Dynasty. An imitation of the Tang Dynasty established the system of "Haidong Sheng country" on the stage of history. From Gao Wang Dazuo Rong to the first year of the Tang Dynasty Emperor Tiancheng (926 AD), Qidan attacked and destroyed the Bohai Sea. Chuanguo 15 lasted for 221 years. In the 200 years of history, Bohai rulers carried out an open cultural policy on the basis of inheriting the cultural tradition of their own people. He studied the advanced Central Plains culture represented by Tang Dynasty and absorbed it according to his own actual situation. In this process, religion was always around, except Shamanism, the inherent religion of this nation. In the close contact with Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism have been accepted one after another. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, the first part is a review of the academic history of this subject, which is based on the current research situation at home and abroad; Secondly, the research results of Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism in Bohai Sea are summarized as literature review. Finally, the connotation and extension of the related concepts mentioned in this paper are defined. The second part is the Shamanism in the Bohai Sea. Firstly, it analyzes the background and characteristics of Shamanism and the reasons why it was accepted by the Bohai people. Secondly, it combs the historical process of Shamanism development of Sushen clan, and points out that the shamanism of Bohai Sea exists in the middle link of Shamanism as Maoji, impallment and Nuzhen Shamanism. Thirdly, the objects of Shamanism worship in Bohai Sea are classified from the aspects of natural worship, ancestor worship and totem worship, with the living customs, records and archaeological discoveries of the ancestors and descendants of Bohai Sea as the content. Then, the religious rites of Shamanism are analyzed from three aspects: Shaman's function, legal instruments and main activities. Finally, it discusses the distribution of Shamanism in the Bohai Sea and its influence on social life. The third part is the Buddhism of the Bohai Sea. Firstly, it introduces the development of Buddhism in the Central Plains and its introduction to the Bohai Sea. Secondly, the spread of Buddhism in the Bohai Sea, including the development stage of Buddhism, the school of Buddhism, the role of monks in society and the characteristics and historical functions of Buddhism; Thirdly, it summarizes the Buddhist exchanges between the Bohai Sea and the Tang Dynasty and Japan. Finally, the Buddhist remains of the Bohai Sea including Buddhist temple sites, Buddhist statues, pagodas and so on; The 4th part is the Confucianism and Taoism of the Bohai Sea. Firstly, Confucianism is regarded as a religious belief. Then it discusses the development of Confucianism in the Bohai Sea, the impact on social life and political life; Finally, the content of Taoism mainly includes the introduction of Bohai-Taoism and the concrete manifestation of Bohai-people 's belief in Taoism. The 5th part is the conclusion, summarizes the religious belief of the Bohai Sea, and draws the conclusion that the religious culture of the Bohai Sea condenses the highly developed characteristics of the Tang culture during the feudal heyday. Although it is influenced by other nationalities and has its own style, it is still an integral part of Tang culture.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K28
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本文编号：1381985