日本中小学灾害教育研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 20:15

本文关键词： 灾害教育日本中小学　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会环境和自然环境的极剧变化,威胁人们生命安全的因素也日益增多。08年汶川大地震、3-11日本大地震等这些突发的灾害让我们认识到生命的脆弱与宝贵。灾害作为影响人类可持续发展的关键因素,也正引起人们越来越多的关注。日本作为灾害频发国,对灾害的关注与研究由来已久。当下日本面临的灾害越来越复杂、多元化,所以推行灾害教育,尤其是通过学校实施系统的灾害教育是其降低灾害损失的有力举措。在多年的实践基础上,日本形成了独具特色的学校灾害教育体系。学校作为日本实施灾害教育的主阵地,在灾害教育目标与内容的规划安排上,做到自上而下层层推进、详尽且具体；在灾害教育的实施上,不断创新灾害教育推进方式,保证知行合一；在灾害教育的实施保障上,整合了多方力量、法制规范、资源到位等。因此,本文试图阐释日本中小学灾害教育的内容体系与实施途径,并总结其实施经验和教训,以期为改善我国学校灾害教育提供一定启发。本文重在系统分析日本中小学灾害教育的目标与内容体系(理论层面)、实施途径(实践层面),以期为完善我国学校灾害教育实施体系提供有益借鉴,论文共分六部分：导论部分,主要介绍选题缘由和意义,梳理己有的国内外相关文献,对“学校灾害教育”等重要概念进行了界定,并说明所采用的研究方法。第二部分从日本灾害多发的国情、灾害文化等呈现日本中小学灾害教育的背景。第三部分归纳了日本国家层面(文部科学省)与地方层面(以静冈县为例)对学校灾害教育目标与灾害教育内容的规划。第四部分则总结并介绍了日本中小学灾害教育实施的几大途径——课程教学、防灾演练与实训、校外实地体验学习,并选取案例展现日本中小学灾害教育的具体落实。第五部分概述日本中小学灾害教育的立法保障,经费保障,社会支持保障以及灾害教育的资源保障。第六部分基于以上对日本中小学灾害教育的分析,结合我国学校灾害教育的实施现状,获得有益于改善我国学校灾害教育实施低效率的相关启示。
[Abstract]:With the dramatic changes in social environment and natural environment, the factors threatening people's life and security are increasing day by day. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These sudden disasters, such as the 3-11 earthquake in Japan, have made us realize that life is fragile and precious. Disasters are the key factors affecting the sustainable development of mankind. Japan, as a disaster-prone country, has a long history of attention and research on disasters. At present, Japan is facing more and more complex and diversified disasters, so disaster education is carried out. Especially through the school implementation of systematic disaster education is its effective measures to reduce disaster losses. On the basis of many years of practice. Japan has formed a unique school disaster education system. As the main position of carrying out disaster education in Japan, the school can advance from top to bottom layer by layer in the planning and arrangement of disaster education objectives and contents, which is detailed and specific. In the implementation of disaster education, we should constantly innovate the way to promote disaster education and ensure the integration of knowledge and practice; In the implementation of disaster education, the integration of various forces, legal norms, resources in place. Therefore, this paper attempts to explain the Japanese primary and secondary schools disaster education content system and implementation approach. And summarizes its implementation experience and lessons in order to improve our school disaster education to provide some inspiration. This paper focuses on the systematic analysis of the goal and content system of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan (theoretical level, implementation approach (practical level), in order to provide useful reference for improving the implementation system of school disaster education in China. The thesis is divided into six parts: the introduction part, mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, combs the domestic and foreign literature, and defines the important concepts such as "school disaster education". And explain the research methods used. The second part from the situation of disasters in Japan. The third part summarizes the national level of Japan (Ministry of Education and Science) and the local level (taking Shizuoka Prefecture as an example). Part 4th summarizes and introduces several approaches to the implementation of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan-curriculum teaching. Disaster prevention exercises and practical training, out-of-school field experience learning, and selected cases to show the specific implementation of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan. 5th part outlines the disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan legislative protection, funding security. 6th based on the above analysis of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan, combined with the implementation of disaster education in schools in China. To obtain beneficial to improve the school disaster education implementation low-efficiency enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G639.313

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