大数据时代中国政府信息共享机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:08

  本文选题：信息资源　切入点：政府信息共享　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是基于大数据时代下的事实规范研究,同时也是基于公共治理与公共政策理论、统计学与电子政务等学科的交叉研究,旨在通过对时代背景的个性分析,找寻一条适合中国政府信息共享的独特道路,以服务于服务型政府的建设、公共管理效率的提升和更高效能的产出。政府信息共享即政府掌握行政权力、行使公共管理职能、组织自身制作所产生或者在社会公共管理过程中所收集的信息,在维持社会正常生活秩序、个人生存条件以及发展需要的前提下,给予相关组织或公民个体分享部分信息的行为。其机制实现包含理念层、结构层与操作层三个逻辑层级。政府信息共享是消除“信息孤岛”效应的实际需要,也是适应电子政务建设的内在要求,同时大数据时代为该机制的实现提供了宏观背景变迁和微观工具变迁,从而使得大数据时代下中国政府信息共享机制的实现变得可行。因此,从大数据时代的特征出发,以信息为基础、以共享为方式、以机制为依托,势必为新时期服务型政府的建构、“善治”使命的达成提供了绝佳的路径。中国政府信息共享经历了起步、过渡和全新三大阶段,在政策法规、信息收集、平台建设和地方践行等方面都取得了不小的成绩,但也暴露出了政府信息共享的共识尚未达成、平台建设滞后、安全隐患频出、障碍因素多发等四大问题,究其原因,是利益纠葛、标准分歧、监管缺位和从业人员共享意识淡薄等四重因素交织的结果。国外先行先试的实践表明,应该以美、英、新为借鉴,将“智慧国”等开放共享理念作为政府工作基点,以机构设计为依托,以大数据人才、财政专项资金或激励基金为保障,以法律法规完善为制约,从而加快推进政府信息共享机制的实现。大数据时代下政府信息共享是一个系统工程,其机制建设理念是先导,是功能的体现与发挥的基础。如果信息共享这一议题是一辆行驶在公共事业管理道路上的汽车,自我发展理念是动力系统,自我约束理念则是控制系统,二者协力才能保障这项议题的快速推进和健康发展。大数据时代下政府信息共享机制的结构设计应当从四个角度入手,即顶层设计、信息获取、平台建构与蓝图规划。其中顶层设计包括前提条件的达成、基本原则的坚持和时代观念的树立;政府信息共享的信息获取及数据处理有多种方式和手段,常见的数据处理方式有最小值—最大值规范化、标准化、十进制正规化和数值型数据的离散化四种;而平台建设则是以多媒体动画信息和多工具的动画信息为主要展示方式,同时与多手段的共享平台相配套;蓝图规划则是融“一网”平台、“‘一号’式电子证照互认共享机制”和“‘一号’‘一窗’办理的政务服务机制”于一体的“三一”式信息共享业务架构。对于大数据时代下政府信息共享的实务来讲,理念诠释是前提,结构设计是基础,有序运行是关键,三位一体统一于机制。如何保障有序运行这一关键,可以有三大路径:一是激励路径,二是制约路径,三是保障路径,三者分工不同,激励旨在调动共享主体的积极性,制约旨在保证共享活动有序化和规范化,而保障旨在为管理活动提供物质和精神条件。三者相辅相成,不可分割,共同为政府信息共享机制的有序运行保驾护航。
[Abstract]:This paper is the study of normative facts under the era of big data based on, but also the public governance and public policy based on the theory of cross research statistics and e-government and other disciplines, aimed at the background of personality analysis, to find a unique way for Chinese government information sharing, in order to serve the construction of the service-oriented government, the public promotion of management efficiency and higher production efficiency. The government information sharing is government control of administrative power, the exercise of public management functions, the organization's own production generated or collected in the public management in the process of information, while maintaining the normal life order in the society, survival conditions and premise of personal development, given the relevant organizations or citizens individual share information behavior. The mechanism includes the concept of layer, structure layer and operation layer three logical levels. Government information sharing is the elimination of the letter " The actual needs of information island "effect, but also meet the requirements of the construction of e-government, provides macro background changes and micro tool change and realize the mechanism for the era of big data, so that the China government information sharing mechanism under the age of big data can be realized. Therefore, starting from the characteristics of the era of big data, to based on the information, to share, to rely on the mechanism, is bound for the construction of service-oriented government in new period," provides an excellent way to achieve good governance mission. China government information sharing has been started, and three new transition stage, collect information on policies and regulations, and platform construction and the local practice has achieved good results, but also exposed the government information sharing consensus, platform construction is lagging behind, security risks and frequent, obstacle factors of multiple four problems, the reason That is the standard of conflicting interests, differences, lack of supervision and staff sharing intertwined consciousness and other four factors. The results show that the pilot should practice abroad, to the United States, Britain, the new "wisdom of the country for reference, will" open sharing concept as government work basis, to mechanism design based on big data personnel, special funds or incentive fund for the protection, to improve laws and regulations to restrict, thus speeding up the implementation of government information sharing mechanism. Government information under the era of big data sharing is a system engineering, its mechanism construction concept is the guide, is the foundation and function embodied. If the issue of information sharing is a car traveling in the car on the road of public utilities management, self development concept is a dynamic system, the idea of self-control is the control system, the two work together to ensure the rapid advance and health issues Show. Structure design of government information sharing mechanism of the era of big data should start from four aspects, namely the top-level design, information acquisition, platform construction and planning blueprint. The reach top-level design includes the premise, establish the basic principles and adhere to the spirit of time; the government information sharing information acquisition and data processing in a variety of ways and the means of common data processing method has a minimum and maximum value of standardization, normalization, and decimal numeric data discretization four; and the platform construction is based on the information and tools of multimedia animation animation information as the main display, at the same time sharing platform and multi means of matching; blueprint planning is a financial "net" platform, "" one "type electronic license mechanism of mutual recognition and sharing" and "", "" one window "for government services in one of the" 31 mechanisms "" 寮忎俊鎭�鍏变韩涓氬姟鏋舵灒�

本文编号：1577469