普通中小学建立国家奖学金制度的适切性研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:10

  本文选题：普通中小学　切入点：国家奖学金制度　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家奖学金制度作为由国家主导、政府出资的直接赠予性奖励,是学生资助体系的重要组成部分,对学生的全面发展起到极大的激励和引导作用。然而长期以来,我国的国家奖学金制度在普通中小学阶段一直处于空白状态,这种现象的存在并不合理,既不利于在普通中小学建立科学合理的激励机制,也不利于从小培养拔尖创新人才,更不利于提升教育质量和促进教育公平。早在2006年,温家宝就在国务院教育工作座谈会上提出：“在高中教育阶段,随着国家财力的增强,要进一步加大奖学金和助学金制度实施力度。”①2010年,财政部与教育部印发了《普通中小学国家助学金管理暂行办法》中第十六条提到： “各级财政、教育部门要积极引导社会力量向普通中小学设立奖学金。”可见国家层面已经认识到了奖学金制度在普通中小学阶段的重要性,但受到国家财力的限制而难以全面推广,此后关于普通中小学阶段建立奖学金制度的工作一直没有实质性的进展与举措。而国际上很多发达国家与发展中国家均有较为完善普通中小学国家奖学金制度,我国港澳台地区政府也为当地普通中小学生设立了科学、全面的奖学金制度,这些制度经过多年的良性运行,为提升本国和本地的教育质量做出了巨大贡献,为拔尖创新人才的识别与培养提供了重要参考标准,并在很大程度上促进了教育公平的实现。随着经济的发展,我国已经具备了在全国普通中小学设立国家奖学金制度的经济能力,并且普通中小学阶段激励机制不健全的问题已经到了必须解决的关键时期,因此应该尽快建立科学合理的普通中小学国家奖学金制度。研究中综合运用文献法梳理了我国普通中小学奖学金制度的历史与现状,通过民国时期相关制度、政策法规的整理来总结经验教训,同时借鉴了港澳台地区的先进做法,此外,对于美国、新加坡、英国、印度等国家的中小学奖学金制度进行了整理与评价。运用调查问卷法、访谈法对陕西省、甘肃省、四川省、河南省、吉林省、安徽省、广东省、山东省、江苏省、北京市以及上海市共计11个省级行政单位的部分中小学开展问卷调研,对个别被访者进行了深度访谈,了解学生、家长以及教师对中小学奖学金制度的需求、期望以及建议,结合激励理论、人力资本投资理论、公共政策执行理论以及教育公平理论对普通中小学国家奖学金制度进行需求判断及可行性分析,并最终提出在我国普通中小学建立国家奖学金制度的路径与策略。从制度的价值取向、责任主体、评选方法以及规范设计几个方面提出建议,以期构建符合学生综合素质发展需要的普通中小学国家奖学金制度,为引导和激励学生健康成长、实现教育的终极目标做出贡献。
[Abstract]:The national scholarship system is an important part of the student financial aid system, which is a state-led and government-funded direct grant reward. It plays a great role in encouraging and guiding the students' overall development. However, for a long time, the state scholarship system has played an important role in encouraging and guiding the overall development of the students. China's national scholarship system has been in a blank state in the ordinary primary and secondary school stage, the existence of this phenomenon is unreasonable, which is not conducive to the establishment of a scientific and reasonable incentive mechanism in ordinary primary and secondary schools, nor to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents from an early age. It is even more detrimental to improving the quality of education and promoting education fairness. As early as 2006, Wen Jiabao said at the State Council forum on educational work: "at the stage of high school education, as the national financial resources increase, "in 2010, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education issued the interim measures for the Administration of State Grants for Primary and Middle Schools," as mentioned in article 16th: "Finance at all levels," Education departments should actively guide social forces to set up scholarships for ordinary primary and secondary schools. "it can be seen that the national level has recognized the importance of the scholarship system in the ordinary primary and secondary schools, but it is difficult to promote it fully because of the constraints of the state's financial resources," he said. Since then, there has been no substantial progress and initiative in establishing a scholarship system in ordinary primary and secondary schools. However, many developed and developing countries in the world have relatively perfect national scholarship systems for ordinary primary and secondary schools. The governments of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan have also set up a scientific and comprehensive scholarship system for local ordinary primary and secondary school students. After years of healthy operation, these systems have made great contributions to the improvement of the quality of education both in China and in the region. It provides an important reference standard for the identification and cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and to a large extent promotes the realization of educational equity. With the development of economy, Our country already has the economic ability to set up the national scholarship system in the national ordinary middle and primary schools, and the problem that the incentive mechanism is not perfect in the ordinary middle and primary school stage has reached a critical period that must be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable national scholarship system for ordinary primary and secondary schools as soon as possible. In the study, the history and current situation of the scholarship system of ordinary primary and secondary schools in China are combed through the relevant systems during the period of the Republic of China. To sum up the experience and lessons from the collation of policies and regulations, and at the same time draw lessons from the advanced practices of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In addition, we have collated and evaluated the scholarship system of primary and secondary schools in the United States, Singapore, Britain, India and other countries. Interviews were conducted in some primary and secondary schools in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Henan, Jilin, Anhui, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Beijing and Shanghai provinces, with a total of 11 provincial administrative units. We conducted in-depth interviews with individual interviewees to understand the needs, expectations and suggestions of students, parents and teachers for the scholarship system in primary and secondary schools, combining with incentive theory and human capital investment theory. The theory of public policy implementation and the theory of educational equity make a demand judgment and feasibility analysis on the national scholarship system of ordinary primary and secondary schools. And finally put forward the path and strategy of establishing the national scholarship system in the ordinary middle and primary schools of our country, and put forward some suggestions from the value orientation of the system, the main body of responsibility, the selection method and the standard design. The purpose of this paper is to establish a national scholarship system for primary and secondary schools which meets the needs of the development of students' comprehensive quality, so as to contribute to guiding and encouraging students to grow healthily and to realize the ultimate goal of education.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G637
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本文编号：1577670