公民有序参与司法审判的理论与制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:38

本文选题：公民有序参与　切入点：司法审判　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于保障司法民主和司法公正的需要,现代司法审判制度非常重视当事人和普通公民对诉讼程序的参与性,公众对社会生活的广泛参与被视为现代民主社会的一项制度性优势。究竟是司法职业化还是司法民主化在我国学术界曾经引起过激烈地争论,配合以司法民主化建设的司法职业化路径选择是当前我国司法制度改革的基本方向。从公民有序参与司法审判的理论阐述入手,分析了西方民众参与司法审判的具体模式,主要概括为五种较为典型的参与模式,亦即古希腊、古罗马的陪审制度、日耳曼民族的集会式审判、英国的“治安法官”制度、英美法系国家的陪审制与大陆法系国家的参审制。以及对我国现行公民参与司法审判模式所起到的借鉴与启示作用。公民有序参与司法审判的参与权体现了私权利主体对公权力主体的监督,公民对司法判决的认同和自愿地服从强化了司法审判过程和结果的合法性,从而保障司法公正目标的实现。司法场域中正式的与非正式的公民有序参与符合正当程序的价值理念,参与是程序正义的表现形式和客观要求。提升司法公信力,有利于提高社会公众对司法的信任度和尊重度,改善公众的“司法感受”。公民意识的培养和市民社会的培育更加有利于公民性品格的塑造。但是,又由于司法遵循公平、公正的价值理念,以及政法传统等诸多因素的影响,必须对公民参与司法审判进行限定。在全面推进依法治国的背景之下,现代司法在继承传统司法民主经验的基础上,立足司法审判实践的新情况和新形势,公民有序参与司法审判相关制度形式的构建与完善就成为必须直面的现实问题。继续推进人民陪审员制度改革,回归司法民主的价值初衷,实现“司法去行政化”的间接功能,健全人民陪审员的制度形式,逐步扩大陪审的范围,明确人民陪审员的权利与义务,保障人民陪审员实质性地参与案件事实问题的审理。完善人民群众参与司法调解机制,随着协同主义诉讼模式的兴起,构建当事人主义定位的司法调解制度。司法听证制度使控辩双方充分发表意见和看法,增加了司法诉讼活动的透明度,有利于维护犯罪嫌疑人与被害人的合法权益,在今后的司法审判实践中需要不断地探索完善。改革涉诉信访制度是创新司法民主路径的重要方式之一,建立涉诉信访终结制度与再审之诉制度。规范网络、媒体等舆论监督的参与模式,努力构建司法审判与舆论监督的理性关系规则。在立法上进一步规范庭审旁听制度,充分实现庭审旁听制度的普法宣传教育功能。
[Abstract]:Based on the need to guarantee judicial democracy and justice, modern judicial systems attach great importance to the participation of the parties and ordinary citizens in the proceedings, The extensive participation of the public in social life is regarded as an institutional advantage of the modern democratic society. It is the basic direction of our country's judicial system reform to choose the path of judicial professionalization with the construction of judicial democratization. This paper begins with the elaboration of the theory of citizen's orderly participation in the judicial trial, and analyzes the concrete mode of the western people's participation in the judicial trial. There are five typical modes of participation, that is, the jury system of ancient Greece and Rome, the assembly trial of the Germanic people, the "magistrate" system of Britain. The jury system in Anglo-American law system and the participation system in civil law system, as well as the reference and enlightenment to the current mode of citizen participation in judicial trial in China. The participation right of citizens to participate in judicial trial in an orderly manner reflects the private right. The supervision of the public power subject by the benefit subject, Citizens' recognition of judicial decisions and their voluntary acceptance have strengthened the legitimacy of the judicial process and outcome. In order to ensure the realization of the goal of judicial justice, the formal and informal citizens' orderly participation in the judicial field accords with the value concept of due process, and participation is the manifestation and objective requirement of procedural justice. It is beneficial to enhance the trust and respect of the public to the administration of justice, to improve the public's "judicial feeling"... The cultivation of civic consciousness and the cultivation of civil society are more conducive to the shaping of the civic character. However, due to the fairness of the administration of justice, The value concept of justice, as well as the influence of many factors, such as the tradition of politics and law, must limit the citizen's participation in judicial trial. Under the background of comprehensively promoting the rule of law, modern judicature inherits the experience of traditional judicial democracy. Based on the new situation and new situation of judicial practice, the construction and perfection of citizens' orderly participation in the relevant system of judicial trial has become a real problem that must be faced directly. Return to the value intention of judicial democracy, realize the indirect function of "judicial deadministration", perfect the system form of people's juror, expand the range of jury trial step by step, clarify the rights and obligations of people's jurors, To ensure that the people's jurors participate substantively in the trial of the facts of the case, and to improve the mechanism of the people's participation in judicial mediation, with the rise of the mode of synergetic litigation, The judicial hearing system enables the prosecution and defense to fully express their opinions and opinions, increases the transparency of judicial proceedings, and is conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects and victims. In the future judicial practice, it is necessary to explore and perfect continuously. Reforming the system of petition and petition is one of the important ways to innovate the path of judicial democracy, establishing the system of termination of petition and retrial, and standardizing the network. The participation mode of media and other public opinion supervision makes great efforts to construct the rational relation rules between judicial trial and public opinion supervision, further standardizes the court hearing system in legislation, and fully realizes the function of popularizing the law and publicizing and educating the court hearing system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.1

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