学校武术教育的当代困境与出路

发布时间：2018-03-13 12:39

本文选题：教育　切入点：武术文化　出处：《山西大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：武术汇聚了中国传统文化的精粹,彰显着中华文化的精神,凝结着中华民族的生存智慧,武术教育对于弘扬民族精神、传承中华文化、促进青少年全面健康发展具有重要作用。随着我国教育改革的深入,人们对武术教育的价值和意义有了更为深刻的认识,也由此武术教育的重要性得以逐渐彰显。学校作为接受教育的主要场所,在传播武术思想、弘扬民族传统文化方面更应该发挥出其不可替代的显著作用,尤其是对于在校学生来说,更应该通过行之有效的武术教育使其在人生观、价值观形成的关键时期能够对武术这一民族传统文化瑰宝形成科学的认识,能够主动承担起武术文化传承的重要使命。不可否认的是,当前我国的学校武术教育面临着诸多亟待破解的发展困境：西方竞技体育的冲击使得武术教育在学校体育中的重要性日渐式微,武术课程教学内容陈旧、教学方法单一、教学评价方式失衡,武术精神逐渐被遗忘,武术文化逐渐被冲击,甚至在学术研究层面对于“武术”、“武术教育”、“学校武术教育”概念问题都含糊不清,难以准确界定,这无论对于我国传统武术文化的传承与弘扬来说,还是对于学校武术教育的运行和发展来说,无疑都会产生不可忽视的负面效应。因此,从学校武术教育的概念和理论体系出发,进而探寻出学校武术教育所面临的各种困境以及破解上述困境的出路和办法,就成为一个重要且十分迫切的研究议题。本研究正是基于这样的理论和现实诉求,对日前我国学校武术教育的各个要素和环节中所面临的困境做出一个系统的分析和研究,并借助相关学科的理论知识以及具体的实践经验制定出破解困境的各种策略和办法,从而为相关部门和学校今后制定出更加完善的学校武术教育改革办法提供一个理论上的参考和借鉴,为进一步促进武术文化传承和弘扬做出现实意义上的贡献。本研究以目前我国学校武术教育过程中所面临的困境及破解困境的出路为研究对象；以文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、比较研究法、历史分析法、逻辑分析法为主要研究方法；以311位为长期从事武术教育的专家、学者,以及大、中、小学武术教师为问卷调查对象、多位武术教育相关专家的访谈记录作为实证材料,以搜狐体育、新浪体育、中华武术网、中国功夫网等主流体育媒体的相关武术新闻为分析素材,对目前我国学校武术教育的困境和出路进行了全面深入的研究,获得研究结论如下：(1)学校武术教育目的是培养具有武术素养的人。武术素养是指通过长期的武术练习,养成终身习武的习惯；掌握武术的理论知识与技能;以及在身体、心理和社会适应等方面展现出因习武而产生的良好状态。(2)武术教育目的的确定为武术教育内容和教育方法的设计与选择提供了依据。武术教育课程内容的设置应该分为三个层面：即器物层面的知识技能；制度层面的行为习惯；精神层面的道德修养。三者的关系是相互融合、层层递进的,而非彼此割裂。学生通过掌握武术的知识技能,养成良好的行为习惯,形成高尚的道德情操。学校武术教育应将武术礼文化教育和培养学生的尚武精神作为教育的重要内容。(3)学校武术教育方法应结合教育内容彰显武术教育的特点。根据武术教育的指导思想,以及风格特征,在教育方法的选择上应注重“口传身授”、“自身体悟”等以直觉体悟为特点的教育方法的使用,以提高武术教育的质量与效果。(4)武术教师是学校武术教育工作的主导者。学校武术教师的工作职责不同于专业武术工作者,二者所具备的能力和素养应该有所侧重。学校武术教师应该是具备专业素养和教育艺术的武术教育工作者。(5)在学校武术教育中要充分发挥教育评价的功能与作用。武术教育评价应该从一个宽泛的角度,将习武者的武术素养作为一个整体,进行武术知识技能、行为习惯、道德修养等做全面考核。注重评价对象的多元化和评价形式的多样化,将结果评价和过程评价相结合。(6)学校武术教育环境应该是具有“仪式感”的育人环境。通过程式化的仪式以规训学生的武术行为,使学生以虔诚的态度积极主动的接受武术教育。具有“仪式感”的育人环境可以使武术礼仪具体落实到武术教育的过程中,对学生武术素养的形成产生积极影响。
[Abstract]:The martial arts Chinese brought together the essence of traditional culture, showing the spirit of Chinese culture, the condensation of the wisdom of survival of the Chinese nation, the Chinese martial arts education to promote national spirit of Chinese culture, plays an important role in promoting the all-round development of teenagers. With the deepening of education reform, people value and significance of the martial arts education has more a profound understanding of the importance of the martial arts education is also gradually highlight. The school as the main place of education, in the dissemination of martial arts thoughts, carrying forward the national traditional culture should play its significant irreplaceable role, especially for college students, should be more effective through the martial arts education in the view of life. The values of the critical period of the formation to form a scientific understanding of the martial arts treasure of national traditional culture, to take the initiative to assume the martial arts cultural heritage An important mission. It is undeniable that the current school martial arts education in China is facing many urgent development dilemma: the importance of western sports because of the impact of martial arts education in the school sports teaching content of Wushu course is declining, old, single teaching method, the imbalance of teaching evaluation, the spirit of martial arts gradually forgotten, martial arts culture is gradually impact, even in the academic research level for "martial arts", "martial arts education", "the concept of school Wushu education" are vague and difficult to accurately define, which both for and carry forward the traditional Wushu culture of our country inheritance, or for the operation and development of school Wushu education, will undoubtedly have a negative the effect can not be ignored. Therefore, starting from the concept and the theoretical system of school Wushu education, and explores the difficulties faced by the school martial arts education Way and approach and solve these problems, it has become an important and urgent issue. This research is based on this theoretical and practical demands, analyze and make a systematic study on facing various elements and aspects of the school martial arts education in China before the date of the dilemma, and the theory of knowledge related disciplines and practical experience to develop various strategies and measures to solve the dilemma, the relevant departments and schools in the future so as to develop a more comprehensive school martial arts education reform to provide a theoretical reference for the further promotion of martial arts culture, inherit and carry forward the make the practical significance of this study way to contribute. The dilemma and solutions at present school Wushu education is facing difficulties as the research object; the method of literature, expert interviews, questionnaire survey, comparative study Method, historical analysis, logical analysis as the main research methods; engaged in martial arts education experts, scholars, and, in 311, primary school martial arts teacher questionnaires, expert interviews a number of martial arts education as the empirical material, the Sohu sina sports, sports, martial arts, China Kung Fu net and other mainstream sports media related to martial arts news analysis material, the plight of the school Wushu education in China and the way out were investigated. The obtained conclusions are as follows: (1) the school martial arts education is to cultivate people with martial arts literacy. Martial arts literacy is through long-term practice of martial arts, lifelong the martial arts master habits; theoretical knowledge and skills of martial arts; and in the physical, psychological and social aspects show a good condition due to the martial arts. (2) to do the martial arts education It provides a basis for the design and selection of martial arts education contents and education methods. The content of the martial arts education curriculum setting should be divided into three aspects: material level of knowledge and skills; system level behavior; spiritual and moral cultivation. The relationship between the three is mutual fusion, progressive layers, rather than separate through martial arts. Students master knowledge and skills, develop good habits, the formation of the noble moral sentiment. The school martial arts education and training of Wushu etiquette culture should be the education of students' martial spirit is an important content of education. (3) the school education should be combined with the method of martial arts education contents reflect the characteristics of Wushu education. According to the guiding ideology of martial arts education, and style characteristics, in the choice of educational methods should focus on "firsthand", "self understanding" to use intuitive understanding of education method to improve characteristics. High quality and effect of Wushu education. (4) the martial arts teachers are leading school Wushu education. School Wushu teachers work responsibilities is different from professional martial arts workers, the ability and quality of the two have should be emphasized. The school Wushu teachers should possess professional martial arts education worker is literacy and Education (art. 5) in the school martial arts education should give full play to the function and role of education evaluation. Wushu education evaluation should be from a broader perspective, the martial arts martial arts literacy as a whole, knowledge and skills of martial arts, behavior habit, morality and do a comprehensive assessment. Pay attention to the evaluation object and evaluation form diversification the process of diversification, assessment and evaluation of the combination. (6) the school martial arts education environment should be a sense of ritual education environment. Through the stylized ceremony to discipline students for Wushu In order to enable students to take the initiative to accept Wushu education with a pious attitude, the educational environment with "ritual sense" can make Wushu etiquette concretely implemented in the process of Wushu education, and has a positive impact on the formation of students' Wushu literacy.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G852-4

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