教师专业伦理决策研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 17:41

  本文选题：教师　切入点：专业伦理　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：教育本身即是一种道德实践,因为教育是致力于让学生获得改善的事业；而教学在本质上是一种道德活动和道德的努力,作为道德能动者的教师,其所做的与学生相关的每一件事情几乎都具有道德的分量。正因为如此,教师在专业实践中不可避免地会面对诸多伦理问题、冲突或困境,需要做出伦理决策。那么,在我国社会文化背景下,教师实际上是如何做出专业伦理决策的；我们又该如何理解和解释教师所做的专业伦理决策呢。本研究试图考察和探讨教师在具体实践情境中的专业伦理决策。伦理困境与伦理决策是相互关联的两个方面,对教师专业伦理决策的研究离不开对教师在专业实践中所经历的伦理困境的探讨；而对教师专业伦理决策的分析,除了关注教师理性的伦理思考和判断,还要考虑到各种影响因素。围绕这些方面,本研究采用质性研究的个案研究方法,主要通过对S市两所学校11位教师的深度访谈,描述和揭示了教师在专业实践中面对真实的伦理困境时的伦理决策过程。本研究基于亚里士多德的美德伦理、康德的义务论和边沁与密尔的功利主义,从目的的伦理、原则的伦理和可能性的伦理三种伦理视角来理解和解释教师的专业伦理决策。从目的的伦理视角来看,教师基于个人的道德品质和专业美德做出伦理决策；从原则的伦理视角来看,教师基于师德规范、一般的伦理原则和习俗准则做出伦理决策；从可能性的伦理视角来看,教师基于对行为可能会对谁产生影响、产生的是长远结果还是当前结果、带来的是个体的利益还是集体的利益的考量做出伦理决策。对于教师专业伦理决策的影响因素的考察,本研究从个人内在因素、学校的制度和文化因素、社会的传统和价值因素三个层面予以探讨。本研究的主要研究发现如下：第一,教师在专业实践中主要面临着公平问题、学生行为管理问题、课改与考试的冲突、学校行政管理带来的冲突、投入与回报的冲突、教师信念与家长观念的冲突、同事相处的冲突、不同原则间的冲突等八类伦理困境。第二,教师倾向于依据单一的伦理视角做出伦理决策。虽然教师会从不同的伦理视角审思他们所遭遇的伦理困境,但针对某一具体的伦理困境,教师通常是以某种伦理视角为主——或基于美德、或基于规则、或基于结果而做出伦理决策。相应地表现出教师专业伦理决策的三种基本途径,即美德的途径、规则的途径和结果的途径。第三,教师专业伦理决策是一个理性的伦理思考与各种影响因素间互动的过程。面对真实情境中的伦理困境,教师实际的伦理决策是在理性的伦理思考与各种影响因素的共同作用下形成的。理性的伦理思考决定了可能的伦理行动选择,而各种因素影响了最终采取何种具体的伦理行动。本研究最后提出教师的专业伦理决策需要一种整合的路径,并尝试构建一个教师专业伦理决策的整合模式,以期能帮助教师做出更好的专业伦理决策。并就如何提高教师的伦理问题意识和专业伦理决策能力提出了若干建议。
[Abstract]:Education itself is a kind of moral practice, because education is committed to the students to improve the career; while teaching is a kind of moral and moral efforts in essence, as a moral agent of teachers, the students and the related nearly every thing has moral component. Because of this, teachers in professional practice will inevitably face many ethical problems, conflicts and difficulties, need to make ethical decisions. So, in the Chinese society and culture, teachers' professional ethics is actually how to make decisions; professional ethical decision we should understand and explain how the teachers do this research. To investigate teachers in practice in the context of professional ethical decision-making. The ethical dilemmas and ethical decision-making are two interrelated aspects, research on Teachers' professional ethics decision cannot do without the teacher in College On the ethical dilemmas experienced industry in practice; and on Teachers' professional ethics decision analysis, in addition to paying attention to teachers' ethics of rational thinking and judgment, but also consider the various factors. Based on this, this study adopts case study method, mainly through in-depth interviews of 11 teachers in S city schools the teacher, to describe and reveal the ethical decision-making process facing the real ethical dilemmas in professional practice. When the research is based on Aristotle's virtue ethics, Kant's deontology and utilitarianism of Bentham and mill, from the purpose of ethics, professional ethics and ethical decision-making principle of likelihood three kinds of ethical perspective to understand and explain teachers. From the ethical perspective to view, teachers' personal quality and professional moral virtue based on ethical decisions; from the angle of ethics principle, teacher On the norms of morality, ethical principles and customs general standard of ethical decisions; from the angle of ethics of teachers on the possibility, behavior may affect who based on the long-term results or current results, is to bring the interests of the individual or collective interests ethical decisions. For the influence of teachers' professional ethics decision the factors investigated, this study from the internal factors of individual, institutional and cultural factors and three aspects of the traditional value and social factors to be discussed. The major findings of the study are as follows: first, teachers in professional practice is facing a fair question, student behavior management, conflict and examination of the curriculum reform the conflict caused the school administration, the conflict with the return on investment, conflict between teachers' beliefs and concepts of parents, colleagues of the conflict, the conflict between the different principles of eight kinds of Aaron Predicaments. Second, teachers tend to on the basis of ethical perspective of single ethical decisions. Although teachers will be different from the angle of Ethics Thinking on the ethical dilemmas they encountered, but according to the ethical dilemma of a specific, teachers are often in a ethical perspective -- based or based on virtue, or based on the rules, or based on the results ethical decisions. To show the three basic ways of teachers' professional ethics decision, namely virtue means, ways and results of the rules. Third, teachers' professional ethics decision is a process of interaction between a rational and ethical thinking of various influence factors. Facing the ethical dilemma in the real situation, ethical decision making the teacher is to form a common influence factor in ethical thinking and rational. The ethical thinking of rational decision ethics action alternatives, and various factors affecting the Finally take concrete action. The path of professional ethics ethical decisions, this study proposes an integrated teachers' needs, and try to construct a model of integration of teachers' professional ethics decision, with professional ethics to help teachers make better decisions. And puts forward some suggestions on how to improve teachers' professional consciousness and ethical issues ethical decision-making ability.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G451
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本文编号：1607434